Extreme events and the spread of Uralic languages

In this paper we present novel aspects concerning the possible connection between the 4.2 ka climatic event and the early spread of Uralic languages from western Siberia to North-East Europe. We discuss different reasons for the divergence of Proto-Uralic and the spread of the Uralic languages, and propose a scenario where the 4.2 ka climatic event and the early spread of Uralic languages is connected via three themes: 1) habitat changes, 2) animal husbandry and 3) trade. Our arguments are based on analysis of linguistic evidence of Proto-Uralic cultural vocabulary, early contacts with Indo-Iranian, as well as loanwords from unknown sources that might be connected to animal husbandry and trade of metals in the Seima-Turbino network.

Animal husbandry · Divergence (linguistics) · Event (particle physics) · Habitat · Period (music) · Ancient Near East History · Linguistics and Cultural Studies · Linguistics and language evolution

• Mismatches of scale in the application of paleoclimatic research to Chinese archaeology

  Open Access•Y Jaffe, Lorenzo Castellano et al.•Quaternary Research•2021

  Incluir item

• Cultural Responses to Climate Change During the Late Holocene

  Open Access•Peter de Menocal, Peter B deMenocal•Science•2001

  Incluir item

• Holocene climate variability

  Open Access•Paul A Mayewski, Eelco E Rohling et al.•Quaternary Research•2004

  Incluir item

• Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period)

  Open Access•Mike Walker, Martin J Head et al.•Episodes•2018

  Incluir item

• Mid- to Late Holocene climate change

  Open Access•Heinz Wanner, Jürg Beer et al.•Quaternary Science Reviews•2008

  Incluir item

• The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization

  Open Access•H Wei, H Weiss et al.•Science•1993

  Incluir item

• Sister’, ’Daughter’ and ’Brother’ — Etymological Discussion of a Few Borrowed Uralic Kinship Terms

  Open Access•Niklas Metsäranta•Linguistica Uralica•2023

  Incluir item

• Urindogermanische Lehnwörter in den uralischen und finno-ugrischen Grundsprachen

  Zsolt Simon•Indogermanische Forschungen•2020

  Incluir item

• An areal-etymological approach to semantic reconstruction of Proto-Uralic kin terms

  Open Access•Niklas Metsäranta, Veronika Milanova et al.•Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen•2025

  Incluir item

• Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread

  Open Access•Riho Grünthal, Volker Heyd et al.•Diachronica•2022

  Incluir item

• Párhuzamok és paradoxonok az uráli nyelvű népek populációgenetikai és nyelvi kapcsolatrendszereinek összehasonlítása során

  Open Access•Endre Németh, József Vigh•Anthropologiai Közlemények•2021

  Incluir item

• The 4.2 ka event

  Open Access•Samuli Helama•The Holocene•2024

  Incluir item

• The 4.2 ka BP climatic event and its cultural responses

  Open Access•Min Ran, Liang Chen•Quaternary International•2019

  Incluir item

• Lateglacial–Holocene environments and human occupation in the Upper Lena region of Eastern Siberia derived from sedimentary and zooarchaeological data from Lake Ochaul

  Open Access•Franziska Kobe, Philipp Hoelzmann et al.•Quaternary International•2022

  Incluir item

• The Origin and Dispersal of Uralic

  J Nichols•Annual Review of Linguistics•2021

  Incluir item

• A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages

  Open Access•Robert K Booth, Stephen T Jackson et al.•The Holocene•2005

  Incluir item

• Precipitation evolution of Central Asia during the last 5000 years

  Open Access•Christian Wolff, Christian M Wolff et al.•The Holocene•2016

  Incluir item

• The Mt Logan Holocene—late Wisconsinan isotope record

  Open Access•David Fisher, E C Osterberg et al.•The Holocene•2008

  Incluir item

• Key periods of peatland development and environmental changes in the middle taiga zone of Western Siberia during the Holocene

  Open Access•Andrey N Tsyganov, Evgeny A Zarov et al.•AMBIO•2021

  Incluir item

• Radiocarbon Chronology of Complexes With Seima-Turbino Type Objects (Bronze Age) in Southwestern Siberia

  Open Access•Z V Marchenko, V Svyatko et al.•Radiocarbon•2017

  Incluir item

• Conflict, Trade, and Political Development on the Southern Plains

  Open Access•Susan C Vehik•American Antiquity•2002

  Incluir item