Labor and Capital on the African Copperbelt

Studies, UNIP headquarters, and the Zambian Mineworkers' Union headquarters in Kitwe, produced various pieces of useful data.A. L. Epstein and J. Clyde Mitchell's data from 1950s Copperbelt surveys were particularly helpful.Both scholars graciously permitted me to examine these records during a recent visit to England.Numerous informants in England, Zambia, South Africa, and America gave generously of their time and memories, and this study could never have been completed without them.Most miners interviewed had been early trade union leaders, staff association members, or employees in personnel departments.The interviews investigated African attitudes and communication systems in the mines, matters rarely discussed in the records.Corporate officials were interviewed to check information against written documentation and to clarify corporate attitudes and policies.A number of very busy executives spoke to me at length.Former employees in the African personnel department also added their unique perspective to this study.Several former labor officers explained how they mediated conflicts between the miners, government, and/or company demands.Their experiences added an important dimension to this study.A few members of the United Missions in the Copperbelt also provided important first-hand information of the mine townships.Participant observation supplemented written and oral data.During my field work on the Copperbelt, daily observation provided a "feel" for life on the mines.Tours underground and in the mine compounds sharpened the impact of written records.During periods at each mine, research at the old personnel department centers allowed the researcher to observe daily routine.Many changes have occurred since the colonial period, but much of the general ambience remains the same.One could almost feel the presence of the old compound

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