On the Definition of X0 and XP

This article argues for an underdetermined theory of phrasality where bar-level does not directly correlate with grammatical behavior. Carnie presents evidence from mismatches between bar-level and grammatical function in several languages, including Irish and Tagalog non-verbal predication structures, Irish construct state nominals, and Persian nominals. This challenges traditional X-bar theory and suggests a more nuanced approach to phrase structure where other factors beyond bar-level determine syntactic behavior

Bar (unit · Construct (python library · Geography · Grammar · Irish · Linguistics · Natural language processing · Physics · Programming language · Rest (music · Tagalog · Computer Science · Lexicography and Language Studies · Linguistic Variation and Morphology · Mathematics · Philosophy · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation

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