The Azanian Civilization of Kenya

During the last few years archaeological research has revealed a remarkable, though not altogether unexpected, view of Stone Age man in Kenya; and at the same time it has been realized that there existed at some period between the Stone Age and medieval times a civilization which has left traces over a large part of East Africa. This civilization appears to be quite distinct from the Stone Age cultures, and there is so far no evidence to connect the two, nor is there any similarity between them. For the Stone Age men lived in caves and unbuilt habitations: while the men whose civilization I shall try to describe built substantial enclosures of stone, dug hut-circles and revetted the walls, made properly engineered roads, and possessed the art of irrigation. This civilization I propose to call 'Azanian' in order to distinguish it from the Stone Age cultures and from the Islamic ruins found in certain parts of East Africa. It has been claimed that traces of this civilization, in the shape of roads and irrigation works, occur in Abyssinia, Uganda, Tanganyika and North Rhodesia as well as in Kenya. But the stone enclosure and hut-circle, which to my mind are the distinctive features, have so far been reported only from Kenya and Gala-land (South Abyssinia); though for the present we may assume that the Tanganyika remains also belong to it

Aesthetics · Ancient history · Archaeology · Art · Cave · Civilization · Geography · Period (music) · Stone Age · African history and culture analysis · Archaeology and Rock Art Studies · History · Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology

• Spacing Forgetting

  Open Access•Denis Linehan, João Sarmento•Cultural Memories•2011

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• Cairns in the Southern Part of the Kenya Rift Valley

  Merrick Posnansky•Azania Archaeological Research in…•1968

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• Denying History in Colonial Kenya

  Open Access•J E G Sutton•History in Africa•2006

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• Archeology and Reconstructing History in the Kenya Highlands

  Open Access•J E G Sutton•History in Africa•2007

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• Engaruka and its Waters

  J E G Sutton•Azania Archaeological Research in…•1978

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• Ancient Civilizations” and Modern Agricultural Systems in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

  J E G Sutton•Azania Archaeological Research in…•1969

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• A Sirikwa Hole on Mount Elgon

  Chapman, Susannah Chapman•Azania Archaeological Research in…•1966

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• Furrows in Africa — canals in the Americas

  Mats Widgren•Azania Archaeological Research in…•2014

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• Stone kraal settlements in South Africa

  P‐l Breutz, P-l Breutz•African Studies•1956

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• First Footsteps in East Africa Or, An Exploration of Harar

  Open Access•Richard F Burton, Richard Burton et al.•First Footsteps in East Africa•1856

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• The Ancient Civilization of the Rift Valley

  Gilbert Wilson, G E H Wilson•Man•1932

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• Wells, Cairns, and Rainpools in Kenya Colony

  C B G Watson•Man•1927

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