The American Tariff Map

IT IS becoming commonplace to assert that American farmers are growing more protectionist.' Moreover, with the expression of liberal trade attitudes by such traditionally protectionist organizations as the United States Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers, it is also asserted that industrial America is losing some of the fierce protectionism it has long displayed.2 But assertions are not facts, and facts relevant to America's foreign economic policy are of vital importance. Are American farmers more protectionist today than they were in the heyday of RepublicanisM 25 years ago? Are our industrial areas becoming less protectionist? And if both these questions are answered in the affirmative, what are the consequences for American trade policy? In short, what is the outlook for a continuation of trade liberalism of the kind represented by the reciprocal trade agreements prograni in the years immediately following World War II? So far as the slogan not aid refers to a policy decision that confronts this country, which choice may be most realistically expected? The present study was designed to answer these questions, to determine where the United States now stands with respect to the century-old controversy over protectionism. The data used consist of a succession of votes in the House of Representatives votes in which the issue of trade liberalism was squarely raised as a matter of policy and not in terms of specific commodities. Such votes have been taken on nine different occasions in the last quarter of a century and comprise (a) the passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, (b) the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, and (c) with one exception every renewal of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (the significant vote in I943 was taken by voice rather than by roll call). The votes were taken in the years I929, I934, I937, I940, I945, I948, I949, I95I, and I953

Business · Geography · International trade · Tariff · Agricultural Economics and Policy

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