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Inside the 'Smoke-Filled Room

Neoliberal Devolution and the Politics of Workfare in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Dados Bibliográficos

ID4792804
AutoresMark H Harvey, Mark Harvey (0000-0001-9901-9921, Florida Atlantic University, autor correspondente)
Ano2013
Volume37
Fascículo2
Páginas641-662
Data de publicação2013-03-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0309-1317 • E-ISSN: 1468-2427
EditoraWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01148.x
OpenAlexW2131782540
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas2
Referências citadas32

The 1996 welfare reform act devolved authority over 'workfare' to the states and allowed them to further devolve control to local and regional entities, yet little is known about how such 'second-order' devolution affected implementation and outcomes. This article applies urban regime theory and the comparative case study method to analyze the impacts of the 'paradigmatically neoliberal' model of second-order devolution implemented in Texas. Pursuing a labor market-based approach, Texas devolved authority for workfare to regional - i.e. multi-county - Workforce Investment Boards (WIBs) directed, in theory, by private sector employers. The findings indicate, however, that the WIBs functioned as patronage-oriented 'employment regimes' dominated by local elected officials and 'machine-politics community based organizations'. The outcome was a socially and spatially regressive transfer of federal resources from needy families in the most distressed counties to regime actors and organizations in more politically-institutionally powerful counties. This left families in the politically weak case study counties subject to the state's diversionary 'workfirst' program without access to crucially necessary childcare and transportation assistance. The study extends our understanding of how neoliberal workfare exacerbates inequality at the sub-state level through a regionally constituted form of political-institutional exclusion.RésuméLa loi américaine de 1996 sur la réforme de la protection sociale a délégué aux États les allocations conditionnelles liées à l'emploi, et leur a permis d'en déléguer la maîtrise à des organismes locaux et régionaux, mais on connait mal l'incidence de cette 'délégation de second ordre' sur la mise en œuvre et les résultats. Appliquant la théorie des régimes urbains et la méthodologie des études de cas comparatives, cette analyse examine les impacts du modèle 'typiquement néolibéral' de la délégation de second ordre utilisé au Texas. Privilégiant une approche de marché du travail, le Texas a transféré sa compétence en matière d'allocations conditionnelles aux comités régionaux WIB(Workforce Investment Boards), couvrant plusieurs comtés et censés être dirigés par des patrons d'entreprises privées. Les WIB ont cependant opéré comme des 'régimes d'emploi' clientélistes régis par des élus locaux et des 'organismes issus de la machine politique et attachés à une communauté'. Sur les plans social et spatial, il en a résulté un transfert régressif des ressources fédérales, des familles nécessiteuses des comtés les plus dépourvus vers les acteurs et organismes du système implantés dans les comtés à la stature politico-institutionnelle plus puissante. Dans les comtés politiquement faibles, les familles ont été détournées vers le programme de l'État,Workfirst, sans accès aux services indispensables de transport et de soins aux enfants. L'étude permet de mieux comprendre comment les allocations conditionnelles exacerbent l'inégalité au niveau infra-étatique par une forme régionale d'exclusion politico-institutionnelle

Political science · Politics · Sociology · Welfare · Workfare · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism · Labor Movements and Unions · Law · Political and Economic history of UK and US · Public Administration

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Obras citantes distintas2
Citações por ano0,18
Intervalo de citações2015 - 2015 (1)
Velocidade de citaçãohistorical
Altamente citadoNão
Tipos de citaçãoNeutras: 2
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