Tokhtogo's Mission Impossible

By the turn of the twentieth century, the Qing court sought to incorporate and homogenise its imperial periphery. This shift towards firmer control of its Mongolian borderlands with neighbouring Russia elicited anti-imperial sentiments among the indigenous population. Complexities arose when the Russian government sought to utilise native separationist movements for the promotion of its own political ends: more precisely, to create a loyal autochthonous buffer at the poorly defended border. The article examines resistance by the nomadic borderlanders against the sovereignty claims of the state, arguing that the rejection of the state provoked a surge of both local and national identity formation along the border. It analyses nomads' reactions to the Manchu court's imperial policies, Russian exploitation of indigenous dissatisfaction, and the question of whether the native borderlanders, in the early twentieth century, gained independence or were subjugated by different means

Art · Ethnology · Indigenous · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Population · Sociology · Sovereignty · China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations · Chinese history and philosophy · Demography · History · Law · Vietnamese History and Culture Studies

• Political and institutional reform 1901–11

  Open Access•Chuzo Ichiko•The Cambridge History of China•1980

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• Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia's Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931 (2 vols.)

  Christopher P Atwood, Christopher Atwood•Young Mongols and Vigilantes in…•2002

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• Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia 1911-1931

  Peter S H Tang•International Affairs•1961

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• Remote Homeland, Recovered Borderland

  Dan Shao•Remote homeland, recovered…•2011

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• The Buriat Intelligentsia

  Robert A Rupen•The Far Eastern Quarterly•1956

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• Imperialisticheskaia Interventsiia v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke, 1918-1922 [Imperialist Intervention in Siberia and the Far East, 1918-1922]

  John J Stephan, M I Svetachev•Pacific Affairs•1984

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• Mongolia in the Twentieth Century

  Uradyn E Bulag, Stephen Kotkin et al.•Pacific Affairs•2001

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• Secret Sino-Soviet Negotiations on Outer Mongolia, 1918-1925

  Bruce A Elleman•Pacific Affairs•1993

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• The Historical Setting of Inner Mongolian Nationalism

  Owen Lattimore•Pacific Affairs•1936

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• To the Harbin Station

  David Wolff•To the Harbin Station•1999

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