The 'Black Metropolis' in the American Urban System of the Early Twentieth Century

By defining and measuring a dimension of the Black Metropolis in terms of occupational representation, this study advances research on the urban black communities of the early twentieth-century United States. Census data show that: (1) Bronzeville (Chicago) was the premier Black Metropolis overall and the black communities of urban-industrial centers in the Midwest had locational advantages that rivaled those of Harlem (New York) with respect to the rise of the black professional and entrepreneurial classes; (2) The standing of Harlem as a preeminent Black Metropolis was due mainly to opportunities generated by unique features of New York that aided blacks' entry into an extensive array of artistic, entertainment and mass media occupations; (3) The black community of Washington, DC, was the only substantial Black Metropolis below the Mason-Dixon Line because of advantages that derived from the city's location above areas of the lower South and from its status as the capital of the US federal government; (4) In general, the northern Black Metropolis was characterized more by opportunities for blacks to participate in politics and public life and to create vital cultural institutions than by opportunities for blacks to economically gain through professions or businesses

Entertainment · Geography · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Cultural Industries and Urban Development · Law · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

• Material Girls

  A Preston, Aysha L Preston•2018

  Incluir item

• Southern Black Metropolis

  Open Access•R L Boyd•Journal of African American Studies•2019

  Incluir item

• Did Black skilled industrial workers support the northern Black Metropolis of the early 20th century

  Open Access•R L Boyd•Population Space and Place•2018

  Incluir item

• The early twentieth-century “Black Metropolis”

  Open Access•R L Boyd•GeoJournal•2016

  Incluir item

• Urban locations and Black Metropolis resilience in the Great Depression

  Open Access•R L Boyd•Geoforum•2017

  Incluir item

• The Black Metropolis Legacy

  Open Access•R L Boyd•Current Urban Studies•2024

  Incluir item

• Urbanism Theories and the Early Twentieth-Century Black Metropolis

  R L Boyd•Sociological Focus•2021

  Incluir item

• Air Pollution and Violent Criminal Behaviour

  Open Access•Erik M Cruz, Erik Cruz et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2022

  Incluir item

• The influence of racial threat and intergroup contact on the incarceration of black drug defendants

  Patrick Moricette, Stewart J D’alessio et al.•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2025

  Incluir item

• Resilient or Fragile? The Black Metropolis Versus the Great Depression

  Open Access•Robert L Boyd•Race and Social Problems•2017

  Incluir item

• Black Metropolis

  St Clair Drake, Horace R Cayton et al.•Black Metropolis•2015

  Incluir item

• Ethnic America

  John Higham, Thomas Sowell•The American Historical Review•1982

  Incluir item

• An American Dilemma

  Open Access•Gunnar Myrdal•New Tribalisms•1962

  Incluir item

• Competition and Coercion

  James D Reid, Joseph D Reid et al.•The American Historical Review•1977

  Incluir item

• The Declining Significance of Race

  William Julius Wilson•Inequality Reader•2018

  Incluir item

• The Rise of Chicago's Black Metropolis, 1920-1929

  Christopher Robert Reed•The rise of Chicago's Black…•2011

  Incluir item

• Competition and Coercion

  Open Access•Robert Higgs•Competition and Coercion•1977

  Incluir item

• Ethnic Enterprise in America

  Ivan Light, Ivan H Light•Ethnic Enterprise in America•1972

  Incluir item

• A Piece of the Pie

  Stanley Lieberson•Piece of the Pie•1980

  Incluir item

• A Piece of the Pie

  Open Access•Walter T Martin, Stanley Lieberson•The Canadian Journal of Sociology•1982

  Incluir item

• Ethnic Enterprise in America

  Roger Daniels, Ivan Light et al.•International Migration Review•1972

  Incluir item

• Ethnic Entrepreneurs

  José A Cobas, R Waldinger et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1991

  Incluir item

• American Apartheid

  Roberto M Fernandez, D S Massey et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1993

  Incluir item

• Entrepreneurship and Self-Help among Black Americans

  Richard Williams, Richard David Williams et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1993

  Incluir item

• Population density and the city

  Open Access•Amos H Hawley•Demography•1972

  Incluir item

• The Enduring South

  Robert A Hohner, J Shelton Reed•The Journal of Southern History•1973

  Incluir item

• The Southern Diaspora

  Matthew C Whitaker•Journal of American History•2006

  Incluir item

• Building Businesses, Creating Communities

  Open Access•John N Ingham•The Business History Review•2003

  Incluir item

• The Slum and the Ghetto

  Louise C Wade, Thomas Lee Philpott•The American Historical Review•1979

  Incluir item

• The Philadelphia Negro

  W E Burghardt Du Bois•The American Historical Review•1900

  Incluir item

• The Rise of Chicago's Black Metropolis

  Randal Maurice Jelks•Journal of American History•2012

  Incluir item

• Contributions to Urban Sociology

  Charles Tilly, Ernest W Burge et al.•American Sociological Review•1964

  Incluir item

• The Negro Professional Man and the Community

  F C Sumner, Fiona Sumner et al.•The Journal of Negro Education•1935

  Incluir item

• Moving Out but Not Up

  Open Access•Suzanne C Eichenlaub, Stewart E Tolnay et al.•American Sociological Review•2010

  Incluir item

• Black Chicago

  Open Access•Robert Endleman, Allan H Spear•American Quarterly•1968

  Incluir item

• From Plantation to Ghetto

  Ulf Hannerz, August Meier et al.•Man•1971

  Incluir item

• Ethnic Economies in Metropolitan Regions

  J R Logan, R Alba et al.•Social Forces•1994

  Incluir item

• The Declining Significance of Race

  Harry Edwards, William J Wilson•Social Forces•1979

  Incluir item

• The Enduring South

  Norval D Glenn, J Shelton Reed•Social Forces•1973

  Incluir item

• The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond

  Stewart E Tolnay•Annual Review of Sociology•2003

  Incluir item

• Urbanism as a Way of Life

  Louis Wirth•American Journal of Sociology•1938

  Incluir item

• Occupational Classes Among Negroes in Cities

  E Franklin Frazier•American Journal of Sociology•1930

  Incluir item

• Ethnic niching and metropolitan labor markets

  Open Access•Franklin D Wilson•Social Science Research•2003

  Incluir item