Gender, psychological distress, and subjective well-being two years after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in Spain

Dados Bibliográficos

ID5166016
AutoresM Pilar Matud (0000-0001-5260-1092, Universidad de La Laguna, autor correspondente), Anne Díaz (0000-0002-7799-3800, Universitat de València), Ma José Del Pino (0000-0002-5271-5820, Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Demelza Fortes (0000-0002-8937-9525, Universidad de La Laguna), Ignacio Ibáñez (0000-0002-1685-1462, Universidad de La Laguna)
Ano2024
Volume40
Fascículo3
Páginase00141523-e00141523
Data de publicação2024-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoCadernos de Saude Publica (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0102-311X • E-ISSN: 1678-4464
EditoraFapUNIFESP (SciELO) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1590/0102-311xen141523
PMID38536989
OpenAlexW4393102139
SCIELO_PIDS0102-311X2024000301407
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas40

This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women

Affect (linguistics) · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) · Disease · Distress · Feeling · Mental health · Multilevel model · Pandemic · Population · Psychiatry · Psychological distress · Psychological resilience · Social support · Vulnerability (computing) · Clinical Psychology · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Demography · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology