Revisiting an historic tool of participatory action research

Freirean consciousness-raising methodology is an historical, emancipatory tool useful in transforming modern socio-political oppressions in the current War on Women as it can simultaneously raise critical consciousness and ignite social action. Unfortunately, there are no systemic guidelines on conducting consciousness-raising as a research method. Therefore, the purpose of this critical literature review is to examine how consciousness-raising has been used as a research methodology and evaluate its associated tools and procedures. The review ( n = 12 studies) revealed ten decision-making processes: assumptions and aims, group composition, governance, environment, rules, session structure, activities, collective data collection and analysis, evaluation, and transition planning. I use an exemplar study of diverse girls exploring how city planning contributed to their experiences of neighborhood violence to integrate experiential knowledge into the literature review findings. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications, limitations, and future directions of the consciousness-raising methodology

Action (physics · Action research · Citizen journalism · Consciousness · Consciousness raising · Critical consciousness · Engineering ethics · Environmental ethics · Participatory action research · Participatory evaluation · Pedagogy · Political science · Raising (metalworking · Social science · Sociology · Transformative learning · Anthropology · Art Therapy and Mental Health · Children's Rights and Participation · Engineering · Law · Participatory Visual Research Methods · Psychology

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