Is Policy Succeeding? Gender differences in national pension in Korea, 1973–2007

This paper examines the effects of the National Pension reforms of 1973, 1988, 1999 and 2007 on gender differences in pensions in the Republic of Korea. Reduction in minimum required insured terms for old age pension, changes in entitlement conditions for the divorced and the widowed, and the introduction of child credit and flat rate basic pension all together make this question important. The study questions whether the gender gap increases or decreases and to what extent it is to do with the changes in policy arrangements. If the change occurs this paper also examines the way in which the men’s and women’s pension entitlements are differentiated under the each reform. This research employs the bases of entitlements as a conceptual tool and methodologically it devises synthetic couples. The findings suggest that the gender differences in pensions decreases, but it is questionable whether it is largely related to the change in the National Pension arrangements. Also, the National Pension is proven to be a weaker protection for low income groups. The extent to which child credits and the changes in conditions attached to the survivor pensions and divided pensions would be residual. Furthermore, the conditions attached to co-receipt of different pension entitlements should be brought into further consideration

Demographic economics · Economics · National Pension · Pension · Political science · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving · Retirement, Disability, and Employment · Finance

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