Pular para o conteúdo principal

ETHNOS_APP

Início • Busca • Periódicos • Lista 0

Implicit theories about willpower predict self-regulation and grades in everyday life

Dados Bibliográficos

ID6207035
AutoresVeronika Job (0000-0002-4983-1644, University of Zurich), Gary M Walton (0000-0002-6194-0472, Stanford University), Gregory M Walton, Katharina Bernecker (0000-0003-1432-9133, University of Zurich), Carol S Dweck (0000-0001-7741-0073, Stanford University)
Ano2015
Volume108
Fascículo4
Páginas637-647
Data de publicação2015-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessNão
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
EditoraAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/pspp0000014
PMID25844577
OpenAlexW1976771764
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas39
Referências citadas33

Laboratory research shows that when people believe that willpower is an abundant (rather than highly limited) resource they exhibit better self-control after demanding tasks. However, some have questioned whether this "nonlimited" theory leads to squandering of resources and worse outcomes in everyday life when demands on self-regulation are high. To examine this, we conducted a longitudinal study, assessing students' theories about willpower and tracking their self-regulation and academic performance. As hypothesized, a nonlimited theory predicted better self-regulation (better time management and less procrastination, unhealthy eating, and impulsive spending) for students who faced high self-regulatory demands. Moreover, among students taking a heavy course load, those with a nonlimited theory earned higher grades, which was mediated by less procrastination. These findings contradict the idea that a limited theory helps people allocate their resources more effectively; instead, it is people with the nonlimited theory who self-regulate well in the face of high demands

Control (management) · Economics · Ego Depletion · Everyday life · Impression management · Procrastination · Self-control · Self-fulfilling prophecy · Tracking (education) · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior · Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • How do students' beliefs about mathematics ability change in their first year at university

    Open Access•Al Campbell•Critical Studies in Teaching and…•2019

  • Self-Control in School-Age Children

    Angela L Duckworth, Tamar Szabó Gendler et al.•Educational Psychologist•2014

  • Reverse ego-depletion

    Krishna Savani, Veronika Job•Journal of Personality and Social…•2017

  • Wise interventions

    Gary M Walton, Timothy D Wilson•Psychological Review•2018

  • From needs to goals and representations

    Carol S Dweck•Psychological Review•2017

  • Effortless Self‐Control

    Open Access•Marleen Gillebaart, Denise De Ridder et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2015

  • The impact of social media overload on learning engagement

    Open Access•Ninggui Duan, Lina Li et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control

    Open Access•Jan Jędrzejczyk, Marcin Zajenkowski•Psychological Reports•2018

  • Bedtime procrastination related to loneliness among Chinese university students during post-pandemic period

    Open Access•Cheng Xu, Nongying Lin et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Measuring Self-Control Beliefs

    Open Access•Anssi Bwalya, Polaris Koi et al.•Psychological Reports•2026

  • Teachers’ Implicit Theories of Professional Abilities in the Domain of School Improvement

    Open Access•Beat Rechsteiner, Miriam Compagnoni et al.•Frontiers in Education•2021

  • Smarter, Not Harder

    Open Access•Kentaro Fujita, Ariana Orvell et al.•Policy Insights from the…•2020

  • The Influence of Active and Passive Procrastination on Academic Performance

    Open Access•Niek Sebastiaan Kooren, Christine Van Nooijen et al.•Education Sciences•2024

  • Autorregulación del deseo como competencia básica para el desarrollo emocional

    Open Access•Luis Alberto Mateos Hernández•Revista Iberoamericana de…•2020

  • The Role of Subjective Expectations for Exhaustion and Recovery

    Open Access•Victoria Schüttengruber, Alexandra M Freund•Perspectives on Psychological…•2023

  • The association between mathematical attitudes, academic procrastination and mathematical achievement among primary school students

    Open Access•Xiaoran Xue, Yangyang Wang et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Do dispositional motivational beliefs predict self-regulated learning strategies? An examination of willpower beliefs

    Open Access•Elise C Allen, August T Masonheimer et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Academic Procrastination

    Open Access•Tais Guedes de Melo, Anna Elisa Villemor-Amaral•Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto•2020

  • Grip on Life as a possible antecedent for self‐control beliefs interacts with well‐being and perceived stress

    Open Access•Preben Bertelsen, Simon Ozer•Scandinavian Journal of Psychology•2021

  • Uncovering Individual Differences in Self-Control

    Open Access•Hong-Yue Sun, Mukaidaisi Haiwuer et al.•The Journal of Social Psychology•2026

  • Moving beyond Inhibition

    Matthew Baldwin, Kaitlyn M Werner et al.•Journal of Personality Assessment•2021

  • Cognitive performance is enhanced if one knows when the task will end

    Open Access•Maayan Katzir, Aviv Emanuel et al.•Cognition•2020

  • Self-Control without a Self

    Monima Chadha, Shaun Nichol et al.•Australasian Journal of Philosophy•2023

  • A Deep Dive into Perseverance

    Open Access•Deirdre Dixon, Celeste Raver Luning et al.•Journal of Leadership &…•2025

  • An empirical study on cyber ostracism and students' discontinuous usage intention of social networking sites during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Muddassar Sarfraz, Kausar Fiaz Khawaja et al.•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2023

  • Implicit theories about willpower predict the activation of a rest goal following self-control exertion

    Veronika Job, Katharina Bernecker et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

  • Implicit Theories About Willpower Predict Subjective Well‐Being

    Open Access•Katharina Bernecker, Marcel Herrmann et al.•Journal of Personality•2017

  • Essentialist beliefs and school governance

    Nicolas Cuneen•Educational Philosophy and Theory•2020

  • Self-deprivation and cognition in Ramadan

    Mostafa Salari Rad•Religion Brain & Behavior•2025

  • Perceived willpower self-efficacy fluctuates dynamically with affect and distress intolerance

    Open Access•Jennifer C Veilleux, Kayla D Skinner et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2021

  • Experience, Resistance, and Enactment of Desires

    Open Access•Katharina Bernecker, Veronika Job et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2018

  • A depleted mind feels inefficacious

    Open Access•Jason T Chow, Chin Ming Hui et al.•European Journal of Social…•2015

  • Intended responses to romantic partners’ annoying behaviours vary with willpower beliefs

    Open Access•Zephi Francis, Veronika Job•British Journal of Psychology•2021

  • Expanding minds

    Open Access•Alissa J Mrazek, Elliott Ihm et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2018

  • Effortful experiences of self-control foster lay theories that self-control is limited

    Open Access•Jane Klinger, Jane A Klinger et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2018

  • Should we talk about bodies? Examining the associations between different types of body talk and older adults' eating disorder pathology through the lens of growth mindset

    Open Access•Hengyue Zhang, Vivienne Y K Tao et al.•Eating Behaviors•2025

  • The Perception of Available Resources Influences the After-Effect of Cognitive Control on Cognitive Performance and Pain

    Nicolas Silvestrini, Elodie Vuignier et al.•Social Psychology•2019

  • Too exhausted to go to bed

    Open Access•Katharina Bernecker, Veronika Job•British Journal of Psychology•2020

  • Implicit theories of smoking and association with current smoking status

    Open Access•Chan L Thai, Kisha I Coa et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2018

  • Collective symbolic coping with new technology

    Open Access•Wolfgang Wagner, Nicole Kronberger et al.•British Journal of Social…•2002

  • What Is Ego Depletion? Toward a Mechanistic Revision of the Resource Model of Self-Control

    Open Access•Michael Inzlicht, Brandon J Schmeichel•Perspectives on Psychological…•2012

  • Longitudinal Study of Procrastination, Performance, Stress, and Health

    Open Access•Dianne M Tice, Roy F Baumeister•Psychological Science•1997

  • Effects of daily hassles and eating style on eating behavior.

    Daryl B O''Connor, Daryl B O'Connor et al.•Health Psychology•2008

  • Relationships Between Perceived Stress and Health Behaviors in a Sample of Working Adults.

    Debbie M Ng, Robert W Jeffery•Health Psychology•2003

  • Self-Discipline Outdoes IQ in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents

    Open Access•Angela L Duckworth, Martin E P Seligman•Psychological Science•2005

  • Why self-control seems (but may not be) limited

    Open Access•Michael Inzlicht, Brandon J Schmeichel et al.•Trends in Cognitive Sciences•2014

  • Activities and Programs That Improve Children’s Executive Functions

    Open Access•Adele Diamond•Current Directions in Psychological…•2012

  • Ego Depletion—Is It All in Your Head?

    Open Access•Veronika Job, Carol S Dweck et al.•Psychological Science•2010

  • Mechanisms of Self-Control Failure

    Open Access•Mark Muraven, Elisaveta Slessareva•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • An Implicit Theories of Personality Intervention Reduces Adolescent Aggression in Response to Victimization and Exclusion

    Open Access•David S Yeager, Kali H Trzesniewski et al.•Child Development•2013

  • Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models

    Craig K Enders, Davood Tofighi•Psychological Methods•2007

  • A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.

    Carol S Dweck, Ellen L Leggett•Psychological Review•1988

  • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models

    Open Access•Kristopher J Preacher, Andrew F Hayes•Behavior Research Methods•2008

  • The Strength Model of Self-Control

    Open Access•Roy F Baumeister, Kathleen D Vohs et al.•Current Directions in Psychological…•2007

  • A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety

    Open Access•Terrie E Moffitt, Louise Arseneault et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2011

  • Hierarchical linear models

    Anthony S Bryk, Stephen W Raudenbush•Hierarchical linear models•2002

  • High Self‐Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success

    Open Access•June P Tangney, Roy F Baumeister et al.•Journal of Personality•2004

  • Implicit Self-Theories in the Academic Domain

    Richard W Robins, Jennifer L Pals•Self and Identity•2002

  • Harnessing the need for immediate gratification

    Eran Magen, James J Gro•Emotion•2007

  • The nature of procrastination

    Piers Steel•Psychological Bulletin•2007

  • Motivation, personal beliefs, and limited resources all contribute to self-control

    Open Access•Kathleen D Vohs, Roy F Baumeister et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2012

  • Can implementation intentions help to overcome ego-depletion

    Open Access•Thomas L Webb, Paschal Sheeran•Journal of Experimental Social…•2003

  • The power of self-persuasion

    Elliot Aronson•American Psychologist•1999

  • Implicit theories, attributions, and coping

    Ying-Yi Hong, Chi-Yue Chiu et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Ego depletion

    Roy F Baumeister, Ellen Bratslavsky et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Conserving self-control strength

    Mark Muraven, Dikla Shmueli et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • How do people adhere to goals when willpower is low? The profits (and pitfalls) of strong habits

    David T Neal, Wendy Wood et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2013

  • When perception is more than reality

    Joshua J Clarkson, Edward R Hirt et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2010

  • Reducing the Effects of Stereotype Threat on African American College Students by Shaping Theories of Intelligence

    Open Access•Joshua Aronson, Carrie B Fried et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2002

  • Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition

    Open Access•Lisa Blackwell, Lisa S Blackwell et al.•Child Development•2007

  • Social-Psychological Interventions in Education

    Open Access•David S Yeager, Gary M Walton•Review of Educational Research•2011

  • Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control

    Martin S Hagger, Chantelle Wood et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2010

Obras citantes distintas39
Citações por ano3,25
Intervalo de citações2014 - 2026 (13)
Velocidade de citaçãocurrent
Altamente citadoNão
Tipos de citaçãoNeutras: 36
Ethnos_APP • Projeto Open Source • Licença MIT • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacidade e Cookies • Documentação da API: api.ethnos.app/docs • Código da API: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Código do Frontend: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae