Self‐Esteem, Theories of

Self‐esteem refers to the overall positive or negative attitude an individual takes toward himself or herself. Understanding self‐esteem also requires awareness of related terms, especially self and self‐concept , along with an appreciation of their similarities and differences. Figure 1 illustrates how self, self‐concept, and self‐esteem are causally related, and the outcomes typically associated with self‐esteem. Although hierarchical in terms of abstractness and general causality, lower order concepts and outcomes can also influence higher order ones. (Note that identity and ideal self are listed to acknowledge that self‐concept is composed of more than self‐esteem, but the former, and related concepts, are beyond the scope of this entry

Aesthetics · Causality (physics · Epistemology · Ideal (ethics · Identity (music · Order (exchange · Reflexive pronoun · Scope (computer science · Self · Self-concept · Self-esteem · Cognitive and psychological constructs research · Computer Science · Cultural Differences and Values · Human Behavior and Motivation · Philosophy · Psychology · Social Psychology

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  Edwin G Cooley•PsycEXTRA Dataset•1902

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• Self-Consistency, a Theory of Personality

  George W Hartmann•Psychological Bulletin•1946

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• Mind, Self, and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist

  Glenn R Morrow, George H Mead et al.•The Philosophical Review•1935

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• The principles of psychology

  James Williams, William James•The principles of psychology•1950

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• Global Self-Esteem and Specific Self-Esteem

  Morris Rosenberg, Carmi Schooler et al.•American Sociological Review•1995

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• The Self-Concept

  Viktor Gecas•Annual Review of Sociology•1982

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