Determining firing temperature of clay‐based archaeological materials with FTIR absorptivity method

Dados Bibliográficos

ID7147482
AutoresYi Gao (0000-0002-3924-6142, Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China), Siran Liu (0000-0001-9250-4561, Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China, autor correspondente), Zhenfei Sun (0000-0003-2821-6543, Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China)
Ano2025
Volume67
Fascículo4
Páginas950-965
Data de publicação2025-08-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoArchaeometry (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0003-813X • E-ISSN: 1475-4754
EditoraWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/arcm.13057
OpenAlexW4406274995
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas27

FTIR analysis has been proven to be a useful tool in measuring the firing temperature of archaeological sediments and ceramics. A recent development of this method is the finding of a negative correlation between absorptivity of 1030 cm −1 band and the firing temperatures. With potassium ferricyanide (K 3 [Fe (CN) 6 ]) added as an internal standard, the 1030 cm −1 absorptivity can be measured quantitatively to reflect firing temperature of samples. However, the following investigations show that the 1030 cm −1 absorptivity can also be influenced by a series of other factors including homogeneity of sample, the mixing duration between sample, internal standard, and KBr, as well as grinding time of sample and internal standard. This research quantifies the influence of these factors and recommends the best practice for using this method. The heat‐induced absorptivity change of characteristic bands of archaeological clay‐based materials is then monitored, revealing that 1030 cm −1 band was the most optimal temperature indicator. Based on a series of Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analyses, it is determined that for samples fired over 400°C, the absorptivity ratio of 1030 cm −1 /778 cm −1 can be used to estimate its original firing temperature. However, for those fired below 400°C, K 3 [Fe (CN) 6 ] has to be added and the ratio of 1030 cm −1 /2117 cm −1 is more proper for quantifying its original firing temperature. The sediments from two different sites were then artificially fired to varied temperatures and tested following the analytical protocol established in this research. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of this method and its great potential in future study of ancient pyrotechnologies

Clay minerals · Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy · Mineralogy · Molar absorptivity · Optics · Building materials and conservation · Chemical Engineering · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Engineering · Geology · Materials Science · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production