Paradiplomacy in Hard Times

Cooperation and Confrontation in Subnational U.S.–China Relations

Dados Bibliográficos

ID7364483
AutoresKyle A Jaros (0000-0001-8372-6461, University of Notre Dame ; [email protected]), Sara A Newland (0000-0002-8974-2080, Smith College)
Ano2024
Volume54
Fascículo4
Páginas599-627
Data de publicação2024-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoPublius The Journal of Federalism (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0048-5950 • E-ISSN: 1747-7107
EditoraOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1093/publius/pjae014
OpenAlexW4399906342
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas7
Referências citadas24

What becomes of subnational foreign engagement when international tensions rise? State-level U.S.–China relations offer insights into unresolved theoretical questions about the dynamics of what we call “paradiplomacy in hard times.” Whereas U.S. state governments expanded official engagements with China in the early 2010s, many states and cities have scaled back engagement and introduced anti-PRC measures in recent years amid worsening U.S.–China friction. We draw on an original dataset of state-level policy actions toward China (2012–2022) to assess patterns of variation across time and space in subnational U.S.–China relations, showing that subnational foreign relations in times of tension feature distinct dimensions of cooperation and confrontation. Meanwhile, we use a detailed case study of Indiana–China relations to develop insights into drivers of subnational cooperation and confrontation, highlighting the diverging interests and actions of the business community, state officials, federal officials, political parties, and Chinese government counterparts in shaping states’ foreign relations

China · Geography · Political science · Regional science · Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration · European Union Policy and Governance · Political Systems and Governance · Law