Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors

European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes

Dados Bibliográficos

ID7662656
AutoresErzsébet Fóthi (0000-0003-4590-4487, Hungarian Natural History Museum, autor correspondente), Angéla Gonzalez (0009-0001-7933-2563, Université de Strasbourg), Tibor Fehér (0009-0007-0042-1779), Ariana Gugora (0000-0002-5045-6482, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Ábel Fóthi (0000-0001-7398-9700, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences), Orsolya Biró (Semmelweis University), Christine Keyser (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
Ano2020
Volume12
Fascículo1
Data de publicação2020-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoArchaeological and Anthropological Sciences (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 1866-9557 • E-ISSN: 1866-9565
EditoraSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0
OpenAlexW2999407476
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas11
Referências citadas47

According to historical sources, ancient Hungarians were made up of seven allied tribes and the fragmented tribes that split off from the Khazars, and they arrived from the Eastern European steppes to conquer the Carpathian Basin at the end of the ninth century AD. Differentiating between the tribes is not possible based on archaeology or history, because the Hungarian Conqueror artifacts show uniformity in attire, weaponry, and warcraft. We used Y-STR and SNP analyses on male Hungarian Conqueror remains to determine the genetic source, composition of tribes, and kin of ancient Hungarians. The 19 male individuals paternally belong to 16 independent haplotypes and 7 haplogroups (C2, G2a, I2, J1, N3a, R1a, and R1b). The presence of the N3a haplogroup is interesting because it rarely appears among modern Hungarians (unlike in other Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples) but was found in 37.5% of the Hungarian Conquerors. This suggests that a part of the ancient Hungarians was of Ugric descent and that a significant portion spoke Hungarian. We compared our results with public databases and discovered that the Hungarian Conquerors originated from three distant territories of the Eurasian steppes, where different ethnicities joined them: Lake Baikal-Altai Mountains (Huns/Turkic peoples), Western Siberia-Southern Urals (Finno-Ugric peoples), and the Black Sea-Northern Caucasus (Caucasian and Eastern European peoples). As such, the ancient Hungarians conquered their homeland as an alliance of tribes, and they were the genetic relatives of Asiatic Huns, Finno-Ugric peoples, Caucasian peoples, and Slavs from the Eastern European steppes

Ancient history · Archaeology · Biology · Ethnic group · Ethnology · Geography · Haplogroup · Haplotype · Homeland · Steppe · Anthropology · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies · Forensic and Genetic Research · Genetic diversity and population structure · History