Mortality in the Eighteenth-Century French Slave Trade

Dados Bibliográficos

ID8976255
AutoresRobert M Stein (0000-0001-9586-380X, University of Toronto, autor correspondente), Robert Stein (0000-0003-0896-9943)
Ano1980
Volume21
Fascículo1
Páginas35-41
Data de publicação1980-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoThe Journal of African History (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0021-8537 • E-ISSN: 1469-5138
EditoraCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s0021853700017849
PMID11632220
OpenAlexW2111139231
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas10
Referências citadas1

The eighteenth-century French slave trade claimed the lives of at least 150,000 African captives and 20,000 French crewmembers. Traditionally, the ‘Middle Passage’ has been held responsible for these deaths, but detailed information from the port of Nantes shows that the time spent on the African coast could be just as deadly as the crossing, at least for the crew. During the century nearly 8 percent of the crews died along the coast, compared with 5 per cent at sea. The African death rate for the crew actually rose in the second half of the century because increased competition made for longer stays in Africa. At the same time, faster crossing times led to a decline in the death rate at sea and yielded a fairly constant overall rate for the century. The situation was somewhat different for the captives. Although the data are less comprehensive, they indicate a generally declining mortality rate during the century. This was due ultimately to reduced sailing times from Africa to the West Indies. Like the crewmembers, the captives benefited from the quicker crossings of the post-1763 period. Unlike the crew, however, captives were less affected by the increased time in African waters. More familiar with the African environment, they did not suffer as much from the extended stay along the coast, and by the end of the century slave mortality was lower than crew mortality. Unfortunately, the data are lacking to relate mortality either to trading sites in Africa or to Caribbean destinations

Archaeology · Crew · Destinations · Geography · Mortality rate · Sociology · Tourism · Colonialism, slavery, and trade · Demography · Historical Economic and Social Studies · History · Migration, Identity, and Health