Age-related changes in children's use of external representations

Dados Bibliográficos

ID9786436
AutoresPhilip David Zelazo (0000-0001-6017-2988, University of Toronto, autor correspondente), Jessica A Sommerville (0000-0001-8290-254X, University of Toronto), Shana Nichols (0000-0002-9323-357X, University of Toronto), Sharon Nichols (0000-0002-2838-8268)
Ano1999
Volume35
Fascículo4
Páginas1059-1071
Data de publicação1999-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessNão
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoDevelopmental Psychology (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0012-1649 • E-ISSN: 1939-0599
EditoraAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037//0012-1649.35.4.1059
PMID10442874
OpenAlexW4245598647
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas7
Referências citadas6

This study explored children's use of external representations. Experiment 1 focused on representations of self: Self-recognition was assessed by a mark test as a function of age (3 vs. 4 years), delay (5 s vs. 3 min), and media (photographs vs. drawings). Four-year-olds outperformed 3-year-olds; children performed better with photographs than drawings; and there was no effect of delay. In Experiment 2, 3- and 4-year-olds used a delayed video image to locate a sticker on themselves (self task) or a stuffed animal (other task). The 2 tasks were positively correlated with age and vocabulary partialed out. Experiment 3 used a search task to assess whether children have particular difficulty using external representations that conflict with their expectations: 3- and 4-year-olds were informed of an object's location verbally or through video: on half of the trials, this information conflicted with children's initial belief. Three-year-olds performed worse than 4-year-olds on conflict trials, indicating that assessments of self and other understanding may reflect children's ability to reason about conflicting external representations

Child development · Cognition · Cognitive development · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Object (grammar · Task (project management · Test (biology · Vocabulary · Child and Animal Learning Development · Face Recognition and Perception · Memory Processes and Influences · Psychology · Social Psychology · Spatial Cognition and Navigation