Making G ibraltar B ritish in the Eighteenth Century

The conquest and retention of G ibraltar was a challenge for B ritain in the eighteenth century, not only militarily and diplomatically, but also in the context of domestic politics and culture. G ibraltar was a B ritish imperial possession on the edge of E urope, an imposing but isolated outpost, and the centre of a trade network dominated by M uslim A fricans and S ephardic J ews. Its largest ethnic group was C atholic and G enoese. Never well understood by most B ritons, G ibraltar became an object of fantasy. The B ritish fantasies are revealing, providing evidence, for example, on popular understandings of A nglo‐ M uslim relations, the place of Jews within the B ritish empire and B ritain's relationship with the E uropean continent. G ibraltar defied easy classification and forced the B ritons who commanded there, resided there, or contemplated the outpost from afar to reconsider the importance of P rotestantism, E uropean heritage and B ritish identity within the framework of the empire. Before 1748 most B ritish commentary on G ibraltar associated the place with A fricans, but after the middle of the century it was increasingly viewed as a bastion defending one frontier of E urope. Following the unsuccessful S panish siege of 1779–83, G ibraltar became a symbol of B ritish strength and endurance, with B ritons standing alone against the rest of the world

Aesthetics · Ancient history · Archaeology · Art · CONQUEST · Context (archaeology · Empire · Fantasy · Frontier · Humanities · Identity (music · Literature · Siege · Symbol (formal · History · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology · Philosophy

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