Journal of the American Institute of Planners
Journal Data
| Type | JOURNAL |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (GB) |
| ISSN | 0002-8991 / 2376-7871 |
| Scopus | 30766 |
| Wikidata | Q27711342 |
| OpenAlex | S4210179328 |
| MAG | 4210179328 |
| Website | https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjpa19/current |
| Total publications | 23 |
| Coverage period | 1956 - 1977 |
| Country | US |
| Language | EN |
| Indexing | Scopus indexed |
| Cited by | 2,911 |
| h-index | 4 |
| i10-index | 4 |
This journal focuses on urban planning, a field that intersects with urban studies and urban anthropology. While urban anthropology is a subfield, planning often encompasses broader policy, geography, and design aspects, placing it as a cognate social science with regular anthropological intersection
American Environmental and Regional History · Complex Systems and Decision Making · Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies · Educational Reforms and Innovations · Educational Robotics and Engineering · Engineering (all · Evaluation and Performance Assessment · Financial Crisis of the 21st Century · Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth · Historical Art and Culture Studies
Evidence of Central City Revival
There has been much discussion concerning the likelihood of middle- and upper-income groups choosing to locate near the centers of United States cities. One may find case studies documenting the rejuvenation of central city neighborhoods with a discussion of the factors that tended to bring this rejuvenation about. However, there has been little attempt to integrate this rejuvenation with traditional urban theory. In addition, there has been almo…
Some New Directions for Planning Theories
The Concept of Justice in Regional Planning
Contemporary planning issues often involve a number of parties whose interests or objectives conflict. Equitable resolution of such conflicts requires that consideration be given to the distribution of losses that are implicit in alternative planning decisions. In this article the concept of fairness is explored as a strategy for formulating decisions according to their distributional aspects. Three major elements of conflict situations are given…
Requiem for Large-Scale Models
The task in this paper is to evaluate, in some detail, the fundamental flaws in attempts to construct and use large models and to examine the planning context in which the models, like dinosaurs, collapsed rather than evolved. The conclusions can be summarized in three points: 1. In general, none of the goals held out for large-scale models have been achieved, and there is little reason to expect anything different in the future. 2. For each obje…
Principles of Planning and Zionist Ideology
Ideology may predispose individual planners toward one course of action rather than another. This article tries to outline the extent of the influence of Zionist ideology on national planning strategies in Israel. In regard to the Development Towns (new communities) of Israel, the Zionist ideology offers initial goals but fails to provide adequate means of achieving the ends. Socioeconomic conditions eventually cause compromises in Zionist doctri…
The Environmental Quality of City Streets
Field interviews and observations were carried out on three similar San Francisco streets with differing traffic levels to determine how traffic conditions affected the livability and quality of the street environment. All aspects of perceived livability—absence of noise, stress, and pollution; levels of social interaction, territorial extent, and environmental awareness; and safety—were found to correlate inversely with traffic intensity. Traffi…
A Social-Psychological Model of Human Crowding Phenomena
Previous research on crowding has generally lacked a theoretical perspective. Moreover, there has been a tendency to view crowding in terms of spatial considerations alone and a failure to distinguish between the physical condition (density) and the psychological experience (crowding). In the present discussion, a heuristic model of human crowding phenomena is proposed which permits an integration of various theoretical perspectives and the deriv…
The Failure Of Industrial City Planning
This article examines the optimistic beginnings and the eventual failings of Gary, Indiana-the twentieth century's largest planned city. The town was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation primarily to house the huge labor force required by the company's new steel mills along Lake Michigan. "Rule of thumb" planning and ill-conceived housing policies, however, contained the seeds of later problems. The gridiron imposed a dreary uni…
Elitism and Settlement Patterns in the Latin American City
Analysis of the structural relationships between residential land use and socioeconomic class in four Latin American cities—Bogotá, Colombia; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Peru; and Santiago, Chile—forms the basis of a proposed urban growth model. This simple model relates the pattern of elite residential location choice to environmental quality and, in turn, to city form and internal spatial structure. It suggests that attention to locational decisions …
Professionalism and Politics in Roman Planning
Using a study of master planning in postwar Rome as a basis, this paper discusses professionalism as a political strategy and the conditions under which it seems to be effective. The relative effectiveness of the strategy for city planners is related to the city as a planning environment. Rome is described as an environment unfavorable to both planning and the strategy of professsion-alism. Reasons for the initial adoption of the strategy by post…
A Ladder Of Citizen Participation
Beskriver ulike grader av brukermedvirkning, og regnes som en klassiker innenfor temaet brukermedvirkning og psykisk helsearbeid
Ebenezer Howard
Nineteenth century communitarian activity was to many a search for forms of community that rested on cooperation, fraternity, and economic progress. First viewed as a response to the excesses of the capitalist order and in particular the inhumanity of the early factory system, communitarianism was, toward the end of the century, considered an alternative to the rapid rise of the industrial city. Ebenezer Howard, who was personally attracted to th…
Housing Priorities, Settlement Patterns, and Urban Development in Modernizing Countries
Attempts to plan the development of cities in modernizing countries and to improve housing standards are often confounded by the autonomous action of low-income squatters and clandestine developers. In the most rapidly urbanizing areas, squatter developers dominate contemporary urban growth, reducing the planners' sphere of influence to those areas developed by wealthier minorities and public institutions. This historically unprecedented, politic…
The Strategy of Deliberate Urbanization
It is the claim of this paper that urbanization, long blamed for the ills of underdevelopment, is in fact an important development tool. The positive characteristics of urbanization and the dynamics by which it creates development are suggested by the communications model of social development. Based upon this model, a general strategy of national development is outlined. Appropriate economic policies, social policies, and political actions are s…
Reflections on Advocacy Planning
Planning initiative on the part of individual groups and communities within urban areas has been made necessary by the increasing bureaucratization and technical basis of decisions in current urban society. The efforts of advocate planners to represent these groups are made difficult because of their frequent lack of homogeneity, community feeling, and common interests in action. The treatment of local areas as "communities" of homogeneous intere…
Barriers and Channels for Housing Development in Modernizing Countries
Many of the squatter communities of Latin America offer uniquely satisfactory opportunities for low income settlers. They are characterized by "progressive development," by which families build their housing and their community in stages as their resources permit, the more important elements first. The procedures followed by these self-selecting occupant-builder communities, free to act in accordance with their own needs, enable them to synchroni…
A Retail Market Potential Model
The authors explore possible equilibrium distributions for large retail trade center's in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Possible sites for centers are selected on general planning grounds and tested for feasibility and “balance.” Balance is determined in terms of the volume of business attracted by each center in relation to its size. By repeated trials, it is established that there exists a balanced distribution in which the size of centers i…
The Urban Field
The inherited form of the city no longer corresponds to reality. The spatial structure of contemporary American civilization consists of metropolitan core regions and the intermetropolitan peripheries. The former have achieved very high levels of economic and cultural development at the expense of the latter, leaving the periphery in a decadent state. Current and projected trends in technology and tastes suggest that a new element of spatial orde…
Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning
City planning is a means for determining policy, appropriate policy in a democracy is determined through political debate. The right course of action is always a matter of choice, never of fact. Planners should engage in the political process as advocates of the interests of government and other groups. Intelligent choice about public policy would be aided if different political, social, and economic interests produced city plans. Plural plans ra…
A Reply to Dakin
Some Sources of Residential Satisfaction in an Urban Slum
Urban renewal planning has assumed that social benefits would accrue to the former residents of slums. But the meanings that the slum areas have for their residents and the consequent effects that relocation would have for them have not been adequately understood. Prior to being located from Boston's West End redevelopment area, most residents experienced profound satisfaction from living in the area. Their satisfaction derived, in large part, fr…
How Accessibility Shapes Land Use
An empirical examination of the residential development patterns illustrates that accessibility and the availability of vacant developable land can be used as the basis of a residential land use model. The author presents an operational definition and suggests a method for determining accessibility patterns within metropolitan areas. This is a process of distributing forecasted metropolitan population to small areas within the metropolitan region…
An Historical Review of the Gravity and Potential Concepts of Human Interaction
(1956). An Historical Review of the Gravity and Potential Concepts of Human Interaction. Journal of the American Institute of Planners: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 94-102.
A Ladder Of Citizen Participation
Beskriver ulike grader av brukermedvirkning, og regnes som en klassiker innenfor temaet brukermedvirkning og psykisk helsearbeid
Housing Priorities, Settlement Patterns, and Urban Development in Modernizing Countries
Attempts to plan the development of cities in modernizing countries and to improve housing standards are often confounded by the autonomous action of low-income squatters and clandestine developers. In the most rapidly urbanizing areas, squatter developers dominate contemporary urban growth, reducing the planners' sphere of influence to those areas developed by wealthier minorities and public institutions. This historically unprecedented, politic…
Reflections on Advocacy Planning
Planning initiative on the part of individual groups and communities within urban areas has been made necessary by the increasing bureaucratization and technical basis of decisions in current urban society. The efforts of advocate planners to represent these groups are made difficult because of their frequent lack of homogeneity, community feeling, and common interests in action. The treatment of local areas as "communities" of homogeneous intere…
The Strategy of Deliberate Urbanization
It is the claim of this paper that urbanization, long blamed for the ills of underdevelopment, is in fact an important development tool. The positive characteristics of urbanization and the dynamics by which it creates development are suggested by the communications model of social development. Based upon this model, a general strategy of national development is outlined. Appropriate economic policies, social policies, and political actions are s…
Ebenezer Howard
Nineteenth century communitarian activity was to many a search for forms of community that rested on cooperation, fraternity, and economic progress. First viewed as a response to the excesses of the capitalist order and in particular the inhumanity of the early factory system, communitarianism was, toward the end of the century, considered an alternative to the rapid rise of the industrial city. Ebenezer Howard, who was personally attracted to th…
The Failure Of Industrial City Planning
This article examines the optimistic beginnings and the eventual failings of Gary, Indiana-the twentieth century's largest planned city. The town was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation primarily to house the huge labor force required by the company's new steel mills along Lake Michigan. "Rule of thumb" planning and ill-conceived housing policies, however, contained the seeds of later problems. The gridiron imposed a dreary uni…
Professionalism and Politics in Roman Planning
Using a study of master planning in postwar Rome as a basis, this paper discusses professionalism as a political strategy and the conditions under which it seems to be effective. The relative effectiveness of the strategy for city planners is related to the city as a planning environment. Rome is described as an environment unfavorable to both planning and the strategy of professsion-alism. Reasons for the initial adoption of the strategy by post…
An Historical Review of the Gravity and Potential Concepts of Human Interaction
(1956). An Historical Review of the Gravity and Potential Concepts of Human Interaction. Journal of the American Institute of Planners: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 94-102.
How Accessibility Shapes Land Use
An empirical examination of the residential development patterns illustrates that accessibility and the availability of vacant developable land can be used as the basis of a residential land use model. The author presents an operational definition and suggests a method for determining accessibility patterns within metropolitan areas. This is a process of distributing forecasted metropolitan population to small areas within the metropolitan region…
Some Sources of Residential Satisfaction in an Urban Slum
Urban renewal planning has assumed that social benefits would accrue to the former residents of slums. But the meanings that the slum areas have for their residents and the consequent effects that relocation would have for them have not been adequately understood. Prior to being located from Boston's West End redevelopment area, most residents experienced profound satisfaction from living in the area. Their satisfaction derived, in large part, fr…
A Reply to Dakin
A Retail Market Potential Model
The authors explore possible equilibrium distributions for large retail trade center's in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Possible sites for centers are selected on general planning grounds and tested for feasibility and “balance.” Balance is determined in terms of the volume of business attracted by each center in relation to its size. By repeated trials, it is established that there exists a balanced distribution in which the size of centers i…
The Urban Field
The inherited form of the city no longer corresponds to reality. The spatial structure of contemporary American civilization consists of metropolitan core regions and the intermetropolitan peripheries. The former have achieved very high levels of economic and cultural development at the expense of the latter, leaving the periphery in a decadent state. Current and projected trends in technology and tastes suggest that a new element of spatial orde…
Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning
City planning is a means for determining policy, appropriate policy in a democracy is determined through political debate. The right course of action is always a matter of choice, never of fact. Planners should engage in the political process as advocates of the interests of government and other groups. Intelligent choice about public policy would be aided if different political, social, and economic interests produced city plans. Plural plans ra…
Barriers and Channels for Housing Development in Modernizing Countries
Many of the squatter communities of Latin America offer uniquely satisfactory opportunities for low income settlers. They are characterized by "progressive development," by which families build their housing and their community in stages as their resources permit, the more important elements first. The procedures followed by these self-selecting occupant-builder communities, free to act in accordance with their own needs, enable them to synchroni…
Housing Priorities, Settlement Patterns, and Urban Development in Modernizing Countries
Attempts to plan the development of cities in modernizing countries and to improve housing standards are often confounded by the autonomous action of low-income squatters and clandestine developers. In the most rapidly urbanizing areas, squatter developers dominate contemporary urban growth, reducing the planners' sphere of influence to those areas developed by wealthier minorities and public institutions. This historically unprecedented, politic…
The Strategy of Deliberate Urbanization
It is the claim of this paper that urbanization, long blamed for the ills of underdevelopment, is in fact an important development tool. The positive characteristics of urbanization and the dynamics by which it creates development are suggested by the communications model of social development. Based upon this model, a general strategy of national development is outlined. Appropriate economic policies, social policies, and political actions are s…
Reflections on Advocacy Planning
Planning initiative on the part of individual groups and communities within urban areas has been made necessary by the increasing bureaucratization and technical basis of decisions in current urban society. The efforts of advocate planners to represent these groups are made difficult because of their frequent lack of homogeneity, community feeling, and common interests in action. The treatment of local areas as "communities" of homogeneous intere…
Professionalism and Politics in Roman Planning
Using a study of master planning in postwar Rome as a basis, this paper discusses professionalism as a political strategy and the conditions under which it seems to be effective. The relative effectiveness of the strategy for city planners is related to the city as a planning environment. Rome is described as an environment unfavorable to both planning and the strategy of professsion-alism. Reasons for the initial adoption of the strategy by post…
A Ladder Of Citizen Participation
Beskriver ulike grader av brukermedvirkning, og regnes som en klassiker innenfor temaet brukermedvirkning og psykisk helsearbeid
Ebenezer Howard
Nineteenth century communitarian activity was to many a search for forms of community that rested on cooperation, fraternity, and economic progress. First viewed as a response to the excesses of the capitalist order and in particular the inhumanity of the early factory system, communitarianism was, toward the end of the century, considered an alternative to the rapid rise of the industrial city. Ebenezer Howard, who was personally attracted to th…
Elitism and Settlement Patterns in the Latin American City
Analysis of the structural relationships between residential land use and socioeconomic class in four Latin American cities—Bogotá, Colombia; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Peru; and Santiago, Chile—forms the basis of a proposed urban growth model. This simple model relates the pattern of elite residential location choice to environmental quality and, in turn, to city form and internal spatial structure. It suggests that attention to locational decisions …
The Environmental Quality of City Streets
Field interviews and observations were carried out on three similar San Francisco streets with differing traffic levels to determine how traffic conditions affected the livability and quality of the street environment. All aspects of perceived livability—absence of noise, stress, and pollution; levels of social interaction, territorial extent, and environmental awareness; and safety—were found to correlate inversely with traffic intensity. Traffi…
A Social-Psychological Model of Human Crowding Phenomena
Previous research on crowding has generally lacked a theoretical perspective. Moreover, there has been a tendency to view crowding in terms of spatial considerations alone and a failure to distinguish between the physical condition (density) and the psychological experience (crowding). In the present discussion, a heuristic model of human crowding phenomena is proposed which permits an integration of various theoretical perspectives and the deriv…
The Failure Of Industrial City Planning
This article examines the optimistic beginnings and the eventual failings of Gary, Indiana-the twentieth century's largest planned city. The town was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation primarily to house the huge labor force required by the company's new steel mills along Lake Michigan. "Rule of thumb" planning and ill-conceived housing policies, however, contained the seeds of later problems. The gridiron imposed a dreary uni…
Requiem for Large-Scale Models
The task in this paper is to evaluate, in some detail, the fundamental flaws in attempts to construct and use large models and to examine the planning context in which the models, like dinosaurs, collapsed rather than evolved. The conclusions can be summarized in three points: 1. In general, none of the goals held out for large-scale models have been achieved, and there is little reason to expect anything different in the future. 2. For each obje…
Principles of Planning and Zionist Ideology
Ideology may predispose individual planners toward one course of action rather than another. This article tries to outline the extent of the influence of Zionist ideology on national planning strategies in Israel. In regard to the Development Towns (new communities) of Israel, the Zionist ideology offers initial goals but fails to provide adequate means of achieving the ends. Socioeconomic conditions eventually cause compromises in Zionist doctri…
Some New Directions for Planning Theories
The Concept of Justice in Regional Planning
Contemporary planning issues often involve a number of parties whose interests or objectives conflict. Equitable resolution of such conflicts requires that consideration be given to the distribution of losses that are implicit in alternative planning decisions. In this article the concept of fairness is explored as a strategy for formulating decisions according to their distributional aspects. Three major elements of conflict situations are given…
Evidence of Central City Revival
There has been much discussion concerning the likelihood of middle- and upper-income groups choosing to locate near the centers of United States cities. One may find case studies documenting the rejuvenation of central city neighborhoods with a discussion of the factors that tended to bring this rejuvenation about. However, there has been little attempt to integrate this rejuvenation with traditional urban theory. In addition, there has been almo…