Human Rights in Global Health
Journal Data
| Type | SOURCE_BOOK |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Oxford University Press, Incorporated |
| ISBN-13 | 9780190672676 |
| Open Library | OL22542038W |
| Total publications | 22 |
| Coverage period | 2018 - 2018 |
| Language | EN |
| Impact factor | 0.955 |
This chapter centers on the role of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in promoting and protecting HIV-related human rights. It starts by recalling the rationale for creating UNAIDS and explains how its mandate and structure has enabled communities affected by HIV to remain engaged. This engagement has been critical in ensuring that human rights considerations remain at the forefront of the global AIDS response. The chapter also looks at the journey ahead, taking AIDS “out of isolation.” It argues that this process can benefit not only the AIDS response but also other health-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, in particular universal health coverage (UHC). It concludes by recognizing the SDGs as a springboard for UNAIDS to scale up efforts to support the realization of human rights, which will ultimately determine whether we will be able to reach the end of the AIDS epidemic
Development of Human Rights through WHO
With both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the World Health Organization (WHO) coming into existence in 1948, there was great postwar promise that these two institutions would complement each other, with WHO serving to support human rights in its health policies, programs, and practices. Yet WHO’s support for human rights would vary dramatically in the decades that followed: neglecting human rights law during crucial years in …
Integrating a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development and the Right to Development into Global Governance for Health
This chapter applies two approaches to global economic governance of relevance to global health funding agencies. The first is the human rights-based approach to development, with its theoretical grounding in social justice and capabilities and with its practical applications in agencies engaged in development assistance and financing of health interventions, with particular relevance to the 2030 Development Agenda. The second approach is that of…
Human Rights Treaty Bodies
This chapter assesses the role of human rights treaty bodies in monitoring, interpreting, and adjudicating health-related human rights obligations, facilitating accountability for the realization of human rights in health policy. With each core human rights treaty having its own corresponding human rights treaty body, these international institutions influence states and galvanize advocates to take action to realize human rights across a range of…
The Future of Global Governance for Health
This chapter argues that the current global health agenda has failed to put people and their rights at the center. With communities unable to have their voices heard, challenge injustice, and hold decision makers to account, states are ill-equipped to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 to ensure healthy lives and well-being for all. The chapter articulates a shift from a discretionary development paradigm to a right…
The Future of Multilateral Funding to Realize the Right to Health
This chapter explores the future of multilateral funding to realize the right to health by exploring two options: a single Global Fund for Health or international assistance for health through only bilateral arrangements. This analysis first examines a Global Fund for Health, based on Article 2(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, guidance provided by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and …
The Origins of Human Rights in Global Health
This chapter introduces the foundational importance of human rights for global health, providing a theoretical basis for the edited volume by laying out the role of human rights under international law as a normative basis for public health. By addressing public health harms as human rights violations, international law has offered global standards by which to frame government responsibilities and evaluate health practices, providing legal accoun…
Conclusion
This concluding chapter analyzes the structural determinants of human rights mainstreaming for global health and considers common themes for the implementation of human rights through global governance for health. Human rights are implemented in global health through a dynamic global governance system—extending across the World Health Organization’s mandate to realize the right to health; United Nations specialized agency efforts to address healt…
The United Nations Special Procedures
This chapter examines the UN Special Procedures, a system of independent experts appointed to monitor and report on human rights violations and to advise and assist in promoting and protecting rights. It positions the Special Procedures as a “missing population,” neglected not just by proponents of global health but by human rights advocates too. This chapter sets out to counter this neglect by “peopling” human rights law. It does this by adding …
The Future of Human Rights Accountability for Global Health through the Universal Periodic Review
This chapter examines the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a new peer-review procedure that provides scrutiny of each UN member state’s human rights record every five years. The review process culminates in a set of recommendations issued to each “State-under-Review” (SuR). The UPR provides an unprecedented opportunity to routinely hold all states to account for their obligations under international human rights law, including health-related huma…
The Future of Inter-Governmental Organization Partnerships for Health and Human Rights
Over the past 20-plus years, there has been a significant rise in the “partnership model” in global health. Mainly involving collaboration between public and private spheres, some partnerships include only inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). This chapter explores how three types of partnerships—global public-private partnerships (usually focused on strengthening delivery or access to specific products and technologies), public-public partner…
The Evolution of Applying Human Rights Frameworks to Health
This chapter explores the evolution and struggles of the “health and human rights movement,” focusing particularly on relevant developments in health and international law that enabled greater attention to the right to health. It discusses the evolution of human rights-based approaches (HRBAs) to health, which extended these legal concepts into the domains of development and social policy. Over twenty years after it began to take shape, the “heal…
The Future of Human Rights in WHO
This chapter examines how the Sustainable Development Agenda—with its focus on equity, gender equality, and human rights—has provided an unprecedented opportunity to advance human rights within the World Health Organization (WHO). It looks at how human rights are increasingly permeating the Organization’s work, both implicitly and explicitly, and how this paves the way for a bolder vision for human rights in health. Through this examination, the …
The World Bank
The World Bank, one of the largest global health funders, continues to deny a formal legal obligation for human rights. Internal constraints limit the Bank’s ability to do so, since its Articles of Agreement explicitly forbid it from interfering in a country’s internal political affairs, making it unclear whether human rights risk management is within the institution’s mandate. This stands in contrast to the institution’s commitment to human righ…
Mainstreaming Human Rights across WHO
This chapter describes the efforts undertaken since 2013 to mainstream gender, equity, and human rights into the programs, policies, and practices of the World Health Organization (WHO). With a largely medical and public health staff, for whom the language of rights remains unfamiliar, and an organization focused on providing technical and normative support, WHO is thought to be ill-equipped to make human rights a core part of its activities. How…
National Foreign Assistance Programs
This chapter reviews the role of bilateral development assistance in advancing health-related international human rights obligations by examining the evolution of efforts to coordinate bilateral development assistance agencies and the international public financing dimensions of their governance and goals. This chapter examines the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) as an entry poi…
The United Nations Children’s Fund
This chapter assesses UNICEF efforts to implement the child’s right to health, reviewing UNICEF’s evolving governance to address global health, examining the influence of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on UNICEF’s mission, and analyzing the opportunities and challenges in using a rights-based approach to advance children’s health. Where UNICEF had long been concerned by the practical implications of implementing human rights, the…
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
For over two decades, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has taken a leading role in promoting human rights globally by building the capacity of people to claim their rights and governments to fulfill their obligations. This chapter examines the extent to which the right to health has evolved in the work of the OHCHR since 1994, drawing on archival records of OHCHR publications and initiatives, as well as interviews w…
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
This chapter focuses on the human rights work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and its interconnection with initiatives relating to global health. Embedded in its Constitution, the promotion of human rights has been a component of UNESCO’s activities across its fields of competence since the first years of its existence. Although global health is not central to its mandate, many of UNESCO’s programs…
Framing Human Rights in Global Health Governance
This chapter frames the implementation of human rights law through global health governance. Global governance institutions have sought to translate human rights into public policy, shifting from the development of health-related rights under international law to the implementation of these normative standards in global policies, programs, and practices. This shift toward an “era of implementation” across an expanding global health governance lan…
Human Rights in Global Health
Institutions matter for the advancement of human rights in global health. Given the dramatic development of human rights under international law and the parallel proliferation of global institutions for public health, there arises an imperative to understand the implementation of human rights through global health governance. This volume examines the evolving relationship between human rights, global governance, and public health, studying an exp…
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The core objective of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since its founding in 1945 has been to eradicate hunger. International policy debates and the work of the Organization focused until the 1980s on increasing agricultural production; however, a shift has occurred in recent years in the understanding of FAO’s mandate. The modest but growing reference to the right to food has become an essential part of this new …
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/Aids
This chapter centers on the role of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in promoting and protecting HIV-related human rights. It starts by recalling the rationale for creating UNAIDS and explains how its mandate and structure has enabled communities affected by HIV to remain engaged. This engagement has been critical in ensuring that human rights considerations remain at the forefront of the global AIDS response. The chapter a…
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Development of Human Rights through WHO
With both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the World Health Organization (WHO) coming into existence in 1948, there was great postwar promise that these two institutions would complement each other, with WHO serving to support human rights in its health policies, programs, and practices. Yet WHO’s support for human rights would vary dramatically in the decades that followed: neglecting human rights law during crucial years in …
Integrating a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development and the Right to Development into Global Governance for Health
This chapter applies two approaches to global economic governance of relevance to global health funding agencies. The first is the human rights-based approach to development, with its theoretical grounding in social justice and capabilities and with its practical applications in agencies engaged in development assistance and financing of health interventions, with particular relevance to the 2030 Development Agenda. The second approach is that of…
Human Rights Treaty Bodies
This chapter assesses the role of human rights treaty bodies in monitoring, interpreting, and adjudicating health-related human rights obligations, facilitating accountability for the realization of human rights in health policy. With each core human rights treaty having its own corresponding human rights treaty body, these international institutions influence states and galvanize advocates to take action to realize human rights across a range of…
The Future of Global Governance for Health
This chapter argues that the current global health agenda has failed to put people and their rights at the center. With communities unable to have their voices heard, challenge injustice, and hold decision makers to account, states are ill-equipped to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 to ensure healthy lives and well-being for all. The chapter articulates a shift from a discretionary development paradigm to a right…
The Future of Multilateral Funding to Realize the Right to Health
This chapter explores the future of multilateral funding to realize the right to health by exploring two options: a single Global Fund for Health or international assistance for health through only bilateral arrangements. This analysis first examines a Global Fund for Health, based on Article 2(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, guidance provided by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and …
The Origins of Human Rights in Global Health
This chapter introduces the foundational importance of human rights for global health, providing a theoretical basis for the edited volume by laying out the role of human rights under international law as a normative basis for public health. By addressing public health harms as human rights violations, international law has offered global standards by which to frame government responsibilities and evaluate health practices, providing legal accoun…
Conclusion
This concluding chapter analyzes the structural determinants of human rights mainstreaming for global health and considers common themes for the implementation of human rights through global governance for health. Human rights are implemented in global health through a dynamic global governance system—extending across the World Health Organization’s mandate to realize the right to health; United Nations specialized agency efforts to address healt…
The United Nations Special Procedures
This chapter examines the UN Special Procedures, a system of independent experts appointed to monitor and report on human rights violations and to advise and assist in promoting and protecting rights. It positions the Special Procedures as a “missing population,” neglected not just by proponents of global health but by human rights advocates too. This chapter sets out to counter this neglect by “peopling” human rights law. It does this by adding …
The Future of Human Rights Accountability for Global Health through the Universal Periodic Review
This chapter examines the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a new peer-review procedure that provides scrutiny of each UN member state’s human rights record every five years. The review process culminates in a set of recommendations issued to each “State-under-Review” (SuR). The UPR provides an unprecedented opportunity to routinely hold all states to account for their obligations under international human rights law, including health-related huma…
The Future of Inter-Governmental Organization Partnerships for Health and Human Rights
Over the past 20-plus years, there has been a significant rise in the “partnership model” in global health. Mainly involving collaboration between public and private spheres, some partnerships include only inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). This chapter explores how three types of partnerships—global public-private partnerships (usually focused on strengthening delivery or access to specific products and technologies), public-public partner…
The Evolution of Applying Human Rights Frameworks to Health
This chapter explores the evolution and struggles of the “health and human rights movement,” focusing particularly on relevant developments in health and international law that enabled greater attention to the right to health. It discusses the evolution of human rights-based approaches (HRBAs) to health, which extended these legal concepts into the domains of development and social policy. Over twenty years after it began to take shape, the “heal…
The Future of Human Rights in WHO
This chapter examines how the Sustainable Development Agenda—with its focus on equity, gender equality, and human rights—has provided an unprecedented opportunity to advance human rights within the World Health Organization (WHO). It looks at how human rights are increasingly permeating the Organization’s work, both implicitly and explicitly, and how this paves the way for a bolder vision for human rights in health. Through this examination, the …
The World Bank
The World Bank, one of the largest global health funders, continues to deny a formal legal obligation for human rights. Internal constraints limit the Bank’s ability to do so, since its Articles of Agreement explicitly forbid it from interfering in a country’s internal political affairs, making it unclear whether human rights risk management is within the institution’s mandate. This stands in contrast to the institution’s commitment to human righ…
Mainstreaming Human Rights across WHO
This chapter describes the efforts undertaken since 2013 to mainstream gender, equity, and human rights into the programs, policies, and practices of the World Health Organization (WHO). With a largely medical and public health staff, for whom the language of rights remains unfamiliar, and an organization focused on providing technical and normative support, WHO is thought to be ill-equipped to make human rights a core part of its activities. How…
National Foreign Assistance Programs
This chapter reviews the role of bilateral development assistance in advancing health-related international human rights obligations by examining the evolution of efforts to coordinate bilateral development assistance agencies and the international public financing dimensions of their governance and goals. This chapter examines the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) as an entry poi…
The United Nations Children’s Fund
This chapter assesses UNICEF efforts to implement the child’s right to health, reviewing UNICEF’s evolving governance to address global health, examining the influence of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on UNICEF’s mission, and analyzing the opportunities and challenges in using a rights-based approach to advance children’s health. Where UNICEF had long been concerned by the practical implications of implementing human rights, the…
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
For over two decades, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has taken a leading role in promoting human rights globally by building the capacity of people to claim their rights and governments to fulfill their obligations. This chapter examines the extent to which the right to health has evolved in the work of the OHCHR since 1994, drawing on archival records of OHCHR publications and initiatives, as well as interviews w…
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
This chapter focuses on the human rights work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and its interconnection with initiatives relating to global health. Embedded in its Constitution, the promotion of human rights has been a component of UNESCO’s activities across its fields of competence since the first years of its existence. Although global health is not central to its mandate, many of UNESCO’s programs…
Framing Human Rights in Global Health Governance
This chapter frames the implementation of human rights law through global health governance. Global governance institutions have sought to translate human rights into public policy, shifting from the development of health-related rights under international law to the implementation of these normative standards in global policies, programs, and practices. This shift toward an “era of implementation” across an expanding global health governance lan…
Human Rights in Global Health
Institutions matter for the advancement of human rights in global health. Given the dramatic development of human rights under international law and the parallel proliferation of global institutions for public health, there arises an imperative to understand the implementation of human rights through global health governance. This volume examines the evolving relationship between human rights, global governance, and public health, studying an exp…
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The core objective of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since its founding in 1945 has been to eradicate hunger. International policy debates and the work of the Organization focused until the 1980s on increasing agricultural production; however, a shift has occurred in recent years in the understanding of FAO’s mandate. The modest but growing reference to the right to food has become an essential part of this new …
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/Aids
This chapter centers on the role of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in promoting and protecting HIV-related human rights. It starts by recalling the rationale for creating UNAIDS and explains how its mandate and structure has enabled communities affected by HIV to remain engaged. This engagement has been critical in ensuring that human rights considerations remain at the forefront of the global AIDS response. The chapter a…