The Enforcement of U.S. Economic Sanctions and Global De-risking Behavior
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10071488 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Bryan R Early (0000-0003-1020-9302, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA), Timothy M Peterson (0000-0003-1159-4898, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Publication date | 2023-11-22 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/00220027231214748 |
| OpenAlex | W4388892751 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
| References cited | 32 |
Evidence suggests that firms frequently over-comply with U.S. sanctions—a process also known as “de-risking.” We argue that U.S. enforcement of its economic sanctions has contributed to this phenomenon to the extent that we can observe a systematic relationship between U.S. sanctions enforcement and third-party trade with U.S. sanction targets. Specifically, we theorize that, the greater the frequency and severity of sanctions enforcement penalties imposed by the U.S. against sanctions violators, the more third-party trade with U.S. sanction targets will decline. Analyzing data from 2003 to 2015, we find that U.S. sanctions enforcement actions correlate with significant declines in dyadic trade between third-party states and U.S. sanctions targets, even when enforcement actions target parties external to that dyad. This suggests that the U.S.’s enforcement of its sanctions magnifies the harm that U.S. sanctions inflict on target economies
Business · Economic sanctions · Economics · Enforcement · Harm · International trade · Law and economics · Political science · Sanctions · Economic Sanctions and International Relations · Law
Busted Sanctions
Conform or challenge? Adjustment strategies of sanction‐torn companies
United in Diversity? A Study on the Implementation of Sanctions in the European Union
States, firms, and security
Economic Sanctions in Flux
Imposing Sanctions
Taking the cue
The effect of foreign direct investment on the use and success of US sanctions
The Peace Scale
Threat and imposition of economic sanctions 1945–2005
Targeted Sanctions in a World of Global Finance
Enforcing US Economic Sanctions
Weaponized Interdependence
The True Costs of Financial Sanctions
Does Punishing Sanctions Busters Work? Sanctions Enforcement and U.S. Trade with Sanctioned States
The Effect of Sanctions on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment
Sanctioning Violence
An Institutional Theory of Sanctions Onset and Success
Sanctions and Third-party Compliance with US Foreign Policy Preferences
Multilateral Versus Unilateral Sanctions Reconsidered
Sending a Message
Investment, Opportunity, and Risk
Profiting from Sanctions
Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Sanctions
When Are Sanctions Effective? A Bargaining and Enforcement Framework
Reputation and Interstate Conflict
Going Fishing versus Hunting Whales
Sleeping with the Enemy
| Citations per year | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2024 - 2025 (2) |
| Highly cited | No |