Enduring Violence
The Postwar Struggles in East-Central Europe, 1917–21
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10074843 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jochen Böhler (Imre Kertész Kolleg Jena, Germany, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2014 |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 58-77 |
| Publication date | 2014-11-25 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Contemporary History (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0094 • E-ISSN: 1461-7250 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022009414552145 |
| OpenAlex | W2135697683 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
In East-Central Europe, the First World War did not end with the armistices of 1918. In the wake of the Russian Revolution and imperial collapse, armed conflicts of various kinds, sizes, and political motivation dominated the years 1917 to 1922, when former citizens of the major European land empires fought for independence and statehood. These conflicts were not only rooted in pre-war conflicts, and in growing tensions between the awakening national self-consciousness of the indigenous populations on the one hand and the sometimes harsh imperial politics of the nineteenth and early twentieth century on the other. With the imperial armies dissolving, a brutal but in some ways conventional war – occasional and sometimes even large-scale atrocities against civilians notwithstanding – gave way to an outburst of paramilitary violence against civilians. Various warlords in the western territories of former Tsarist Empire used violence as a mere raison d’etre; armies under development – as the Polish army or the Bolshevik Red Guard/Army – lacked discipline, their conscripts being brutalized and inclined to commit atrocities. Ultra-violent milieus such as the European counterrevolutionary militias added to the extraordinary death toll in the region
Ancient history · Commit · East-Central Europe · Economic history · Empire · Independence (probability theory · Indigenous · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Spanish Civil War · Central European national history · Eastern European Communism and Reforms · Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics · History · Law
Send a Soldier to Parliament”
Arming Upstanding Citizens
The Colour of Hope
What a Republic It Was!’ Public Violence and State Building in the Bohemian Lands after 1918
Violence by Other Means
Counter-Revolutionary Strikebreaking in Interwar Europe, 1918–1929
The Logic of Violence in the Polish-Lithuanian Conflict, 1920–1923
Ethnic Fundraising in America and the Irish and Lithuanian Wars of Independence, 1918–1923
Authority, Vigilance, Paranoia
| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,13 |
| Citation span | 2018 - 2025 (8) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |