St Bernard of Clairvaux, The Low Countries and the Lisbon Letter of the Second Crusade
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10079892 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jonathan Phillips (0000-0002-3073-1045, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 48 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 485-497 |
| Publication date | 1997-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Ecclesiastical History (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0469 • E-ISSN: 1469-7637 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0022046900014895 |
| OpenAlex | W1966562366 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 13 |
On 24 December 1144 'Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Muslim ruler of Aleppo and Mosul, captured the Christian city of Edessa. This was the most serious setback suffered by the Frankish settlers in the Levant since their arrival in the region at the end of the eleventh century. In reaction the rulers of Antioch and Jerusalem dispatched envoys to the west appealing for help. The initial efforts of Pope Eugenius in and King Louis VII of France met with little response, but at Easter 1146, at Vézelay, Bernard of Clairvaux led a renewed call to save the Holy Land and the Second Crusade began to gather momentum. As the crusade developed, its aims grew beyond an expedition to the Latin East and it evolved into a wider movement of Christian expansion encom-passing further campaigns against the pagan Wends in the Baltic and the Muslims of the Iberian peninsula. One particular group of men participated in two elements of the crusade; namely, the northern Europeans who sailed via the Iberian peninsula to the Holy Land. In thecourse of this journey they achieved the major success of the Second Crusade when they captured the city of Lisbon in October 1147. This article will consider how this aspect of the expedition fitted into the conception of the crusade as a whole and will try to establish when Lisbon became the principal target for the crusaders. St Bernard's preaching tour of the Low Countries emerges as an important, yet hitherto neglected, event
Ancient history · Archaeology · Eleventh · Geography · Peninsula · Ruler · Byzantine Studies and History · History · Medieval History and Crusades
A History of Portugal
The origins of the frankish nobility of the kingdom of jerusalem, 1100–1118
A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders of 1147
William Cade, a Financier of the Twelfth Century
De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi (The Conquest of Lisbon)
The Lisbon Letter of the Second Crusade
The Accession of Henry II in England
The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,12 |
| Citation span | 2000 - 2015 (16) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 3 |