Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Preliminary Effects of a Leisure Education Program to Promote Healthy Use of Free Time among Middle School Adolescents

Bibliographic Data

ID10138751
AuthorsLinda L Caldwell (0000-0002-1910-4390, Pennsylvania State University, corresponding author), Cheryl K Baldwin (0000-0002-1998-0702, Aurora University), Theodore A Walls (0000-0001-9437-8431, Pennsylvania State University), THEODORE WALLS (Pennsylvania State University), Ed Smith (Pennsylvania State University), Ed D Smith (Pennsylvania State University)
Year2004
Volume36
Issue3
Pages310-335
Publication date2004-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Leisure Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-2216 • E-ISSN: 2159-6417
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/00222216.2004.11950026
OpenAlexW113082451
LanguageEN
Citations received53
References cited50

This paper documents the development and first year evaluation of the Time Wise: Learning Lifelong Leisure Skills curriculum, which aims to increase positive free time use, and mitigate or prevent the initiation of substance use and abuse. The sample was comprised of 634 school youth attending nine middle schools in a rural area in eastern United States. Results from self-report data indicate that students who received the Time Wise curriculum reported being less amotivated and more motivated by identified and introjected forms of motivation. Students in Time Wise reported being better able to restructure boring situations into something more interesting; having higher levels of decision making skills, initiative, community awareness; and participating in new interests, sports, and nature-based activities.KEYWORDS: Adolescentsfree timehealthy time useleisure educationprevention

Leisure activity · Leisure time · Physical activity · Physical therapy · Political science · Recreation · Medicine · Outdoor and Experiential Education · Psychology · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management · Social Psychology · Youth Development and Social Support · Gerontology

  • Leisure Activities Choices among Adolescents

    Open Access•Maria K Pavlova, Rainer K Silbereisen et al.•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Leisure and health

    Linda L Caldwell•British Journal of Guidance and…•2005

  • The effect of teachers’ recreation awareness on interpersonal and kinesthetic intelligence

    Eminsafa Dilmaç, Nurgül Tezcan Kardaş•Leisure/Loisir•2024

  • Leisure education and parks programming to address stress, burnout, and coping in law enforcement officers

    Clara Hawkes, Rhonda Nelson et al.•Leisure/Loisir•2024

  • Reaching out to welcome in

    Karen Gallant, Susan Hutchinson et al.•Leisure/Loisir•2020

  • Innovations in leisure education

    Susan L Hutchinson, Charlene S Shannon•Leisure/Loisir•2020

  • The effect of Covid ‐19 depression on spirituality and psychological well‐being through the perceived environmental restorativeness of a pilgrimage route

    Open Access•Jinok Susanna Kim, Dong Cheol Lee et al.•International Journal of Tourism…•2024

  • Adolescent psychological well-being during the Covid-19 lockdown

    Open Access•Anna Di Norcia, Chiara Mascaro et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • The mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between graduate students’ time management and motivation

    Seyithan Demirdag•Asia Pacific Journal of Education•2024

  • Pathways of Influence

    Sarah M Chilenski, Sarah M Chilenski Sarah M Chilenski et al.•The Journal of Negro Education•2015

  • Adapting Evidence‐Based Programs to New Contexts

    Open Access•Edward Smith, Edward A Smith et al.•The Journal of Rural Health•2007

  • Culture, Self-Construal, and Leisure Motivations

    Gordon J Walker•Leisure Sciences•2009

  • College-attending emerging adults’ free time perception profiles

    Cindy L Hartman, Denise M Anderson et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2021

  • Addressing Response-shift Bias

    Jim Sibthorp, Karen Paisley et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2007

  • Youth Time Outside

    Michael B Edwards, Mat D Duerden et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2014

  • Influencing Adolescent Leisure Motivation

    Linda L Caldwell, Megan E Patrick et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2010

  • Voluntary Participation and Parents' Reasons for Enrollment in After-School Programs

    Heng-Chieh Jamie Wu, Laurie A Van Egeren•Journal of Leisure Research•2010

  • Ways of Relating and Interacting in School Communities

    Ansie Kitching, Ansie Elizabeth Kitching et al.•Journal of Psychology in Africa•2011

  • Self-Defining Activities, Expressive Identity, and Adolescent Wellness

    J Douglas Coatsworth, Lori‐Ann Palen et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2006

  • Rurality in Leisure Research

    Michael B Edwards, D Matarrita-Cascante•Journal of Leisure Research•2011

  • Is More Better? Outcome and Dose of a Universal Drug Prevention Effectiveness Trial

    Open Access•Laura Ferrer‐Wreder, Hans Saint-Eloi Cadely et al.•The Journal of Primary Prevention•2010

  • Exploring the Relationship Among Free-Time Management, Leisure Boredom, and Internet Addiction in Undergraduates in Taiwan

    Open Access•Wei-Ching Wang•Psychological Reports•2018

  • Exploring the Relationships between Free-Time Management and Boredom in Leisure

    Open Access•Wei-Ching Wang, Chang-Yang Wu et al.•Psychological Reports•2012

  • Using Mixed Methods to Identify the Primary Mental Health Problems and Needs of Children, Adolescents, and Their Caregivers during the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic

    Open Access•Olivia M Fitzpatrick, Amani Carson et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2020

  • An Exploration of the Relationships between Free Time Management and the Quality of Life of Wage-Earners in Taiwan

    Wei-Ching Wang, Chin-Hsung Kao•World Leisure & Recreation•2006

  • The dynamic association between healthy leisure and substance use in South African adolescents

    Elizabeth H Weybright, Linda L Caldwell et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2014

  • Developing the Leisure Education Scale

    Süleyman Munusturlar, Coşkun Bayrak•World Leisure & Recreation•2016

  • The Relation between Profiles of Leisure Activity Participation and Substance Use Among South African Youth

    Melissa Tibbits, Linda L Caldwell et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2009

  • Examining the effectiveness of the primary education curriculum in terms of leisure education

    Süleyman Munusturlar, Günnur Hastürk et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2023

  • Taking leisure seriously

    Douglas A Kleiber•World Leisure & Recreation•2012

  • Health Wise South Africa

    Linda L Caldwell, Edward A Smith et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2004

  • Leisure education

    Atara Sivan, Robert A Stebbins•World Leisure & Recreation•2011

  • Leisure, Health and Well-Being

    Roger C Mannell•World Leisure & Recreation•2007

  • Influence of leisure experiences on smartphone addiction and emotional distress

    Namyun Kil, Jun Kim et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2024

  • Leisure education in schools from students’ perspectives

    Atara Sivan, Dennis W K Chan•World Leisure & Recreation•2012

  • Correlating leisure and happiness

    Andrew Lepp•Annals of Leisure Research•2017

  • Instagrowth

    Open Access•Sarah M Coyne, Laura M Padilla-Walker et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2018

  • Sources of Social Influence on Adolescents’ Alcohol Use

    Open Access•Rose Wesche, Derek A Kreager et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2018

  • Playin’ farmer

    Rudy Dunlap•International Journal of…•2011

  • Leisure Education in Educational Settings

    Atara Sivan•Loisir et Société / Society and…•2008

  • An integrative review of leisure education research

    Shintaro Kono, Chungsup Lee et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2023

  • The influence of socio-demographic factors in the leisure education level (LEL) of employees and students in the Brazilian education system

    Luciana Pereira de Moura Carneiro, Süleyman Munusturlar•Leisure Studies•2023

  • More is better? Family leisure involvement and individual leisure satisfaction among Chinese adult workers

    Ying Zhao, Dantian Xu et al.•Leisure Studies•2026

  • The impact of parenting education on parent and child behaviors

    Open Access•Jennifer K Finders, Guadalupe Díaz et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2016

  • Motivations for Activity Participation as Predictors of Emerging Adults' Psychological Engagement in Leisure Activities

    Heather L Ramey, Heather L Lawford et al.•Leisure Sciences•2016

  • A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students' Leisure Motivations

    Gordon J Walker, Xiye Wang•Leisure Sciences•2008

  • Motivations and Experiential Outcomes Associated with Leisure Time Cell Phone Use

    Andrew Lepp, Jacob E Barkley et al.•Leisure Sciences•2017

  • Boredom Prone or Nothing to Do? Distinguishing Between State and Trait Leisure Boredom and Its Association with Substance Use in South African Adolescents

    Elizabeth H Weybright, Linda L Caldwell et al.•Leisure Sciences•2015

  • Perceived Parental Control, Restructuring Ability, and Leisure Motivation

    Hui Xie, Hui “Jimmy” Xie et al.•Leisure Sciences•2017

  • Profiles of adolescent leisure motivation and substance use in the HealthWise South Africa research trial

    Elizabeth H Weybright, Lori‐Ann Palen et al.•Leisure Sciences•2020

  • Individual Motivation and Parental Influence on Adolescents’ Experiences of Interest in Free Time

    Open Access•Erin Hiley Sharp, Linda L Caldwell et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2006

  • Leisure Boredom, Timing of Sexual Debut, and Co-Occurring Behaviors among South African Adolescents

    Open Access•Eric K Layland, Nilam Ram et al.•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2021

  • Drug Use in Sport

    Open Access•Bob Stewart, Aaron C T Smith et al.•Journal of Sport and Social Issues•2008

  • Advances In Experimental Social Psychology

    Bertram Gawronski•Advances in Experimental Social…•2022

  • Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports

    Luc G Pelletier, Kim M Tuson et al.•Journal of Sport and Exercise…•1995

  • Prevention science and positive youth development

    Open Access•Richard F Catalano, J David Hawkins et al.•Journal of Adolescent Health•2002

  • Toward A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

    Robert J Vallerand•Advances in Experimental Social…•1997

  • Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management

    Alexandra M Freund, Paul B Baltes•Psychology and Aging•1998

  • Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

    Open Access•Edward L Deci, Richard M Ryan•Intrinsic Motivation and…•1985

  • Understanding Developmental Regulation in Adolescence

    Open Access•Richard M Lerner, Alexandra M Freund et al.•Human Development•2001

  • The Academic Motivation Scale

    Open Access•Robert J Vallerand, Luc G Pelletier et al.•Educational and Psychological…•1992

  • Toward a psychology of positive youth development

    Reed W Larson, Reed Larson•American Psychologist•2000

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • A developmental perspective on adolescent risk taking in contemporary America

    Open Access•Diana Baumrind•New Directions for Child and…•1987

  • Contribution of Developmental Assets to the Prediction of Thriving Among Adolescents

    Peter C Scales, Peter L Benson et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2000

  • On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny

    Paul B Baltes•American Psychologist•1997

  • Social Policy Supports for Adolescence in the Twenty‐First Century

    Open Access•Karen Pittman, M Diversi et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2002

  • Health Behaviors of Leisure Alienated Youth

    Linda L Caldwell, Edward A Smith•Loisir et Société / Society and…•1995

  • The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Competence and Substance Use

    Open Access•Diana Baumrind•The Journal of Early Adolescence•1991

  • The Process of Successful Ageing

    Open Access•Margret M Baltes, Laura L Carstensen•Ageing and Society•1996

  • An ecological perspective on the effects of violence on children

    Open Access•J Garbarino•Journal of Community Psychology•2001

  • Causes and consequences of time perception differences in overweight and normal weight people

    Judith Rodin•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • Adolescent Substance Abuse and Leisure Boredom

    Seppo E Iso‐Ahola, Seppo E Iso-ahola et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1991

  • Development of a Leisure Experience Battery for Adolescents

    Linda L Caldwell, Edward A Smith et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1992

  • Negotiation of Leisure Constraints by Junior-High and High-School Students

    Edgar L Jackson, Victoria C Rucks•Journal of Leisure Research•1995

  • Leisure and Identity Formation in Male and Female Adolescents

    Susan Shaw, Susan M Shaw et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1995

  • Why are You Bored?”

    Linda L Caldwell, Nancy Darling et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1999

  • Boredom, Stress and Social Control in the Daily Activities of Adolescents

    Susan Shaw, Susan M Shaw et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1996

  • Leisure Context, Parental Control, and Resistance to Peer Pressure as Predictors of Adolescent Partying and Substance Use

    Linda L Caldwell, Nancy Darling•Journal of Leisure Research•1999

  • Race and Gender Differences in Adolescent Peer Group Approval of Leisure Activities

    Steven F Philipp•Journal of Leisure Research•1998

  • Development of the Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents

    Cheryl K Baldwin, Linda L Caldwell•Journal of Leisure Research•2003

  • Giving Voice to High School Students

    Open Access•Edwin Farrell, George Peguero et al.•American Educational Research…•1988

  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

    Open Access•Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•Contemporary Educational Psychology•2000

  • Perceived locus of causality and internalization

    Richard M Ryan, James P Connell•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Perceived locus of causality, goal orientations, and perceived competence in school physical education classes

    Open Access•Marios Goudas, Stuart Biddle et al.•British Journal of Educational…•1994

  • Sex Differences in Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

    Cynthia Robbins•Journal of Health and Social…•1989

  • Gender-related differences in circumstances surrounding initiation and escalation of alcohol and other substance use/abuse

    Xiaoru Liu, Howard B Kaplan•Deviant Behavior•1996

Unique citing works53
Citations per year2,41
Citation span2004 - 2026 (23)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 53

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae