Illusory correlation in impression formation
Variations in the shared distinctiveness effect as a function of the distinctive person's age, race, and sex
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10161977 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Leslie A Zebrowitz (0000-0001-9183-8914, Brandeis University, corresponding author), Leslie Z Mcarthur, Susan A Friedman |
| Year | 1980 |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 615-624 |
| Publication date | 1980-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.39.4.615 |
| OpenAlex | W2097500848 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 28 |
| References cited | 5 |
Illusory correlation research has identified two factors that lead subjects to overestimate the relationship between particular categories of people and particular types of behavior: associative connections and shared infrequency. Three studies examined the nature of illusory correlation effects when both of these factors operated simultaneously. The results were consistent with previous shared infrequency effects only when infrequency and associations acted in concert. When undesirable behaviors were both infrequent and also associatively linked to a stimulus person's demographic group, there was an illusory correlation between membership in an infrequently appearing group and performance of infrequent, undesirable behaviors. More specifically, stimulus persons who were black, old, or of the opposite sex from the subject were rated more negatively when their demographic group appeared infrequently. Different illusory correlations were obtained when infrequency and associative links acted in opposition, undesirable behaviors being infrequent and desirable behaviors being associatively linked. Under these conditions, associative links overrode infrequency, and there was an illusory correlation between membership in an infrequently appearing group and performance of associatively linked, albeit frequent, desirable behaviors. More specifically, stimulus persons who were white, young, or of the same sex as the subject were rated more positively when their demographic group appeared infrequently
Correlation · Developmental psychology · Evolutionary biology · Function (biology · Impression · Impression formation · Optimal distinctiveness theory · Perception · Race (biology · Social perception · Cultural Differences and Values · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Gender Studies · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Judgment of covariation by social perceivers
Toward an ecological theory of social perception.
Poor social skills are a vulnerability factor in the development of psychosocial problems
Stereotypes as Explanations
The slime effect
Illusory correlation and social categorization
The formation of stereotypic beliefs
The tricky nature of skewed frequency tables
The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales
Personality research methods
The Role of Women in Linguistic and Narrative Change
Consensus Estimation in Social Context
Intergroup Biases and the Cognitive Dynamics of Stereotype Formation
An Investigation of Social Skills and Loneliness Levels of University Students With Respect to Their Attachment Styles in a Sample of Turkish Students
Effect of Gender-Types on Interpersonal Stress Measured by Blink Rate and Questionnaires
Empirical Tests on Regressive Estimations
Incorporating Human Energy Fields Into Studies of Family Communication
Incorporating Human Energy Fields Into Studies of Family Communication
Do expressive mothers have expressive children? The role of socialization in children's affect expression
Illusory correlation as accentuation of actual intercategory difference
Expectation-based and data-based illusory correlation
The use of statistical, spatial‐temporal, and intensional information in judgments of contingency
On the origin of illusory correlations
Further evidence for expectation‐based illusory correlations
Stereotyping based on apparently individuating information
| Unique citing works | 25 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,62 |
| Citation span | 1981 - 2005 (25) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 27 |