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How Many Organisms during a Pregnancy

Bibliographic Data

ID10706192
AuthorsJonathan Grose (University of Southampton, corresponding author)
Year2020
Volume87
Issue5
Pages1049-1060
Publication date2020-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePhilosophy of Science (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0031-8248 • E-ISSN: 1539-767X
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1086/710542
OpenAlexW3040862151
LanguageEN
Citations received12
References cited26

Mammalian placental pregnancy is a neglected problem case for theories of organismality. This example is closer to home than those typically discussed within philosophy of biology. I apply evolutionary and immunological accounts of organismality to the “counting question”: How many organisms are present during a placental pregnancy? I conclude that an evolutionary approach yields the answer two, because of bottlenecking, germ-soma sequestration, and sexual recombination. By contrast, an immunological approach answers one, because of pervasive interactions across the placenta. This analysis expands and refines recent work on a biologically informed metaphysics of pregnancy, an undertheorized area of philosophy of science

Biology · Cognitive science · Epistemology · Evolutionary biology · Evolutionary theory · Fetus · Metaphysics · Placenta · Pregnancy · Soma · Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies · Genetics · Neuroscience · Philosophy · Psychology · Reproductive System and Pregnancy

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    Open Access•Anne Sophie Meincke•Philosophical Studies•2021

  • Ethical implications of the mereology of pregnancy

    Arjun Devanesan•Journal of Medical Ethics•2026

  • Biological Individuality and the Foetus Problem

    Open Access•William Morgan, William Henry Morgan•Erkenntnis•2024

  • Lady Parts and Baby Parts

    Open Access•Angela Boyle•Philosophy and Phenomenological…•2026

  • Biological Individuality and Fallacies of Composition

    Open Access•Andrew Geddes•Philosophy and Phenomenological…•2026

  • Birth and the maiden

    Open Access•Sonya M Ringer•Philosophical Studies•2026

  • Not Bearing the Future

    Open Access•Anat Shalem, Miri Rozmarin•Hypatia•2025

  • Do heritable immune responses extend physiological individuality

    Open Access•Sophie Juliane Veigl•History & Philosophy of the Life…•2022

  • Pregnant Thinkers

    Open Access•David Mark Kovacs•The Philosophical Quarterly•2024

  • Pregnancy, Parthood and Proper Overlap

    Open Access•Andrew Geddes, Alexander Geddes•The Philosophical Quarterly•2023

  • The Metaphysics of Pregnancy

    Open Access•Francesca Bellazzi•Philosophy Compass•2025

  • Pregnant Bodies - Embodied Pregnancy

    Open Access•Sinah Theres Kloß, Antonia Villinger•Body & Society•2025

  • Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection

    Peter Godfrey-Smith, Peter Godfrey‐smith•Darwinian populations and natural…•2009

  • Varieties of Living Things

    Open Access•John Dupré, Maureen A O’malley et al.•Philosophy and Theory in Biology•2009

  • A Symbiotic View of Life

    Scott F Gilbert, Jan Sapp et al.•The Quarterly Review of Biology•2012

  • Genetic Conflicts in Human Pregnancy

    David Haig•The Quarterly Review of Biology•1993

  • Multispecies individuals

    Open Access•Pierrick Bourrat, Paul E Griffiths•History & Philosophy of the Life…•2018

  • A Matter of Individuality

    Open Access•David L Hull•Philosophy of Science•1978

Unique citing works12
Citations per year2,4
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 12

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Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae