The Effect of Economic Vulnerability on Protest Participation in the National Football League
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10763510 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David Niven (0000-0002-6167-3714, University of Cincinnati, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 100 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 997-1008 |
| Publication date | 2019-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Science Quarterly (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0038-4941 • E-ISSN: 1540-6237 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/ssqu.12630 |
| OpenAlex | W2939696526 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
| References cited | 16 |
Objectives What distinguishes between National Football League (NFL) players who participated in protests during the National Anthem and those who did not? Does the finding of a personal vulnerability constraint in high‐risk activism apply to this relatively elite population? Methods Protest participation during 2017 was determined for every NFL player, along with several variables pertaining to their performance, compensation, and the political atmosphere of their team. Results Bivariate and multivariate tests both reveal that protest participation was far greater among players with large guaranteed contracts and among players who were well regarded for their performance. Conclusions Economic vulnerability ranges widely within the NFL such that players hold contracts offering guaranteed payments of anywhere between $92 million and nothing at all. The data here suggest that the personal vulnerability constraint documented in protest participation research also applies to this unique population of high‐profile people engaged in a most high‐profile protest. Documenting the existence of these constraints helps offer a more systematic foundation to our understanding of political activism behavior among athletes
Computer security · Constraint (computer-aided design) · Demographic economics · Economics · Elite · Football · League · Political science · Politics · Population · Sociology · Vulnerability (computing) · Demography · Engineering · Law · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts · Sports Analytics and Performance · Sports, Gender, and Society
Protesting During a Pandemic
Taking a Knee
No Justice, No Peace? Protest Participation for People with Criminal Legal Contact
The Performance and Reception of Race-Based Athletic Activism
Who Says Shut Up and Dribble? Race and the Response to Athletes’ Political Activism
‘Agitate! Agitate! Agitate!’
Sports elites, counter‐stereotypical statements, and immigration attitudes
Stifling Workplace Activism
Does Protest 'Distract' Athletes From Performing? Evidence From the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League
An Analysis of Colin Kaepernick, Megan Rapinoe, and the National Anthem Protests
When Athlete Activism Clashes With Group Values
Michael Jordan’s Family Values
Who Joined the Sit-Ins and Why
Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers
Fear, Apathy, and Discrimination
Black male athlete activism and the link to Michael Jordan
An exploratory study of black male college athletes' perceptions on race and athlete activism
Economic Threat and Protest Behavior in Comparative Perspective
Athletes and/or Activists
Talking About Trayvon in 140 Characters
The social psychology of protest
Recruitment to High-Risk Activism
| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,5 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2023 (4) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |