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Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data

An application of Benford's Law

Bibliographic Data

ID10763572
AuthorsAdam Chamberlain (0000-0002-9928-0529, Coastal Carolina University Conway South Carolina USA, corresponding author), Alixandra B Yanus (0000-0002-0772-7830, Department of Political Science High Point University High Point North Carolina USA)
Year2021
Volume102
Issue4
Pages1590-1601
Publication date2021-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Science Quarterly (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0038-4941 • E-ISSN: 1540-6237
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/ssqu.13015
OpenAlexW3187753508
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited43

Objective Large, federated voluntary associations of the late 19th and early 20th centuries produced detailed reports of national meetings that included comprehensive data on state‐level membership. Though used in previous scholarship, the veracity of these data has never been evaluated. Methods We test 16 associations’ state‐level membership data, generally between 1880 and 1920, using Benford's Law, a mathematical principle used to discern whether data are potentially problematic—through error, fraud, or other reasons—and require further investigation. Results Our initial analyses reveal that these data deviate statistically from Benford's predictions. Further investigation, however, finds that these differences are not substantively significant; an aggregate measure of all associations shows close conformity to the Newcomb–Benford distribution. Conclusion The data presented in voluntary associations’ annual reports are likely trustworthy. These findings have important implications for future use of these data, other association data, and the role of associations in promoting civil society

Association (psychology) · Benford's law · Conformity · Economics · Management · Political science · Scholarship · Statistics · Trustworthiness · Turnover · Voluntary association · Benford’s Law and Fraud Detection · Law · Mathematics · Media Influence and Politics · Misinformation and Its Impacts · Psychology · Social Psychology

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    Open Access•Virginia Gray, David Lowery•Political Research Quarterly•1996

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Unique citing works4
Citations per year1
Citation span2022 - 2025 (4)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4
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