Smuggling, Trafficking, and Extortion
New Conceptual and Policy Challenges on the Libyan Route to Europe
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10962003 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Katie Kuschminder (0000-0001-5071-1060, Maastricht University/ UNU‐MERIT Maastricht The Netherlands, corresponding author), Anna Triandafyllidou (0000-0001-6760-0033, Canada Excellence Research Chair Ryerson University Toronto Canada) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 52 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 206-226 |
| Publication date | 2020-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Antipode (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0066-4812 • E-ISSN: 1467-8330 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/anti.12579 |
| OpenAlex | W2978593131 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 33 |
| References cited | 27 |
This paper contributes a conceptual and empirical reflection on the relationship between human smuggling, trafficking and kidnapping, and extortion in Libya. It is based on qualitative interview data with Eritrean asylum seekers in Italy. Different tribal regimes control separate territories in Libya, which leads to different experiences for migrants depending on which territory they enter, such as Eritreans entering in the southeast Toubou controlled territory. We put forth that the kidnapping and extortion experienced by Eritreans in Libya is neither trafficking, nor smuggling, but a crime against humanity orchestrated by an organized criminal network. The paper details this argument and discusses the implications
Argument (complex analysis · Crimes against humanity · Criminology · Ethnology · Extortion · Human trafficking · Humanity · Irregular migration · Organised crime · Political science · Refugee · Seekers · Sociology · War crime · Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography · Law · Migration, Health and Trauma · Migration, Refugees, and Integration
When return becomes re-victimization
Recent publications on organized crime
Activistas, traficantes e investigadores en la industria migratoria en México
De la “crisis de los migrantes” de 2015 a la gobernanza europea de las fronteras
Examining the geographies of human trafficking
The Smuggling of Migrants from Libyan Shores to Italy
Frontiers in geographies of social reproduction
Why Migrants Stay in Small and Mid-sized Cities
From Human Smuggling to State Capture
Exacerbating Pre-Existing Vulnerabilities
Anatomy of a route
Activists, Smugglers, and Researchers in the Migration Industry in Mexico
From Iran to the Netherlands, and everywhere in between
Extreme hardship, care ethics, and humanitarian protection
Criminal synergies
The Paradox of Humanitarian Recognition
Criminalisation of kindness
Migrants in the throes of multiple crises
Who is not an agent here?”
Of Mukhalas and Magafe
Constructive (in)visibility and the trafficking industrial complex
Becoming Fugitive
Exploring the ‘Blurred Boundary
Migration trajectories and transnational support within and beyond Europe
Gender Dynamics of 'Human Trafficking
Exploitation and Violence in the Experiences of Refugees Traveling from Sub-Saharan Africa to Italy
Scapegoating Human Smugglers
The Need for Inter/Subdisciplinary Thinking in Critical Conceptualizations of Displacement
Before disembarkation
Predatory rentierism in irregular migration
Fragments of solidarity
Survivors-at-home and the right to know
Cárteles de la droga y esclavitud sexual en México de mujeres migrantes centroamericanas
The State of Exception
Migrant Smuggling
Smuggling Humans
My Uncle Cannot Say “NO” if i Reach Libya’
Priorities for International Co-operation with Libya
Geographies of identity
Self-deception facilitates interpersonal persuasion
Delocalization, Humanitarianism, and Human Rights
Into the Interstices
Navigating the Central Mediterranean in a Time of ‘Crisis’
Why Migrant Smuggling Pays
Migration as a Family Business
Refugees, migrants, neither, both
Common agenda or Europe’s agenda? International protection, human rights and migration from the Horn of Africa
Seeking refuge in Europe
Motivated skepticism
Manufacturing Smugglers
Refugee Protections from Below
A Fratricidal Libya
Repoliticization Through Search and Rescue? Humanitarian NGOs and Migration Management in the Central Mediterranean
Illusion and well-being
Afghan Journeys to Turkey
Scrutinising the double disadvantage
Homo Sacer
| Unique citing works | 33 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,5 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 33 |