Smoking as a Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer

A Meta-Analysis of 24 Prospective Cohort Studies

Bibliographic Data

ID11026642
AuthorsMichael Huncharek (Michael Huncharek and Bruce Kupelnick are with the Meta-Analysis Research Group, Columbia, SC. Michael Huncharek is also with the Division of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis VA Medical Center, MO. K. Sue Haddock and Rodney Reid are with the Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia.), K Sue Haddock (Michael Huncharek and Bruce Kupelnick are with the Meta-Analysis Research Group, Columbia, SC. Michael Huncharek is also with the Division of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis VA Medical Center, MO. K. Sue Haddock and Rodney Reid are with the Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia.), Rodney Reid (Michael Huncharek and Bruce Kupelnick are with the Meta-Analysis Research Group, Columbia, SC. Michael Huncharek is also with the Division of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis VA Medical Center, MO. K. Sue Haddock and Rodney Reid are with the Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia.), Bruce Kupelnick (Michael Huncharek and Bruce Kupelnick are with the Meta-Analysis Research Group, Columbia, SC. Michael Huncharek is also with the Division of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis VA Medical Center, MO. K. Sue Haddock and Rodney Reid are with the Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia.)
Year2010
Volume100
Issue4
Pages693-701
Publication date2010-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0090-0036 • E-ISSN: 1541-0048
PublisherAmerican Public Health Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2105/ajph.2008.150508
PMID19608952
PMCIDPMC2836346
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited40

Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between smoking and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Methods. We pooled data from 24 cohort studies enrolling 21 579 prostate cancer case participants for a general variance-based meta-analysis. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated separately for mortality and incidence studies. We tested the robustness of effect measures and evaluated statistical heterogeneity with sensitivity analyses. Results. In the pooled data, current smokers had no increased risk of incident prostate cancer (RR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.87, 1.24), but in data stratified by amount smoked they had statistically significant elevated risk (cigarettes per day or years: RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.46; pack years of smoking: RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.22). Former smokers had an increased risk (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.16). Current smokers had an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.19). The heaviest smokers had a 24% to 30% greater risk of death from prostate cancer than did nonsmokers. Conclusions. Observational cohort studies show an association of smoking with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Ill-defined exposure categories in many cohort studies suggest that pooled data underestimate risk

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