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Variation in Reporting of the Race and Ethnicity of Covid-19 Cases and Deaths Across US States

April 12, 2020, and November 9, 2020

Bibliographic Data

ID11032040
AuthorsMegan D Douglas (0000-0003-3666-5664, Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Ebony Respress (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Anne H Gaglioti (0000-0001-5843-8476, Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Chaohua Li (0000-0003-2707-0060, Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Mitchell A Blount (0000-0003-4808-8331, Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Jammie Hopkins (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Peter Baltrus (0000-0001-9808-0501, Morehouse School of Medicine), Peter T Baltrus (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Robina Josiah Willock (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Lee S Caplan (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Lee Caplan (0000-0002-4086-6402, Morehouse School of Medicine), Daniel E Dawes (0009-0005-9799-9264, Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.), Daniel Dawes (Morehouse School of Medicine), Dominic Mack (Megan D. Douglas, Anne H. Gaglioti, Chaohua Li, Mitchell A. Blount, Peter T. Baltrus, and Dominic Mack are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Ebony Respress, Jammie Hopkins, and Daniel E. Dawes are with the Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine. Robina Josiah Willock and Lee S. Caplan are with the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine.)
Year2021
Volume111
Issue6
Pages1141-1148
Publication date2021-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0090-0036 • E-ISSN: 1541-0048
PublisherAmerican Public Health Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2105/ajph.2021.306167
PMID33856884
OpenAlexW3153944431
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited17

Despite growing evidence that COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting communities of color, state-reported racial/ethnic data are insufficient to measure the true impact. We found that between April 12, 2020, and November 9, 2020, the number of US states reporting COVID-19 confirmed cases by race and ethnicity increased from 25 to 50 and 15 to 46, respectively. However, the percentage of confirmed cases reported with missing race remained high at both time points (29% on April 12; 23% on November 9). Our analysis demonstrates improvements in reporting race/ethnicity related to COVID-19 cases and deaths and highlights significant problems with the quality and contextualization of the data being reported. We discuss challenges for improving race/ethnicity data collection and reporting, along with opportunities to advance health equity through more robust data collection and contextualization. To mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on racial/ethnic minorities, accurate and high-quality demographic data are needed and should be analyzed in the context of the social and political determinants of health

Context (archaeology) · Contextualization · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) · Disease · Ethnic group · Geography · Health equity · Infectious disease (medical specialty) · Pathology · Political science · Public health · Race (biology) · Sociology · Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes · COVID-19 and healthcare impacts · Demography · Gender Studies · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Gerontology

  • Rapid Assessment of Covid Evidence (Race)

    Bita Amani, Alejandra Cabral et al.•Ethnicity & Disease•2024

  • Missing Race and Ethnicity Data among Covid-19 Cases in Massachusetts

    Open Access•Keith R Spangler, Jonathan I Levy et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2023

  • Residential Segregation and Cities’ Responses in the Early Stage of the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Tse-Chuan Yang•American Journal of Public Health•2022

  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Excess All-Cause Mortality in the First Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Thomas Foster, Leticia Fernández et al.•Demography•2024

  • Leveraging Multiple Administrative Data Sources to Reduce Missing Race and Ethnicity Data

    Open Access•Vajeera Dorabawila, Rebecca Hoen et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2024

  • Covid-19 and African Americans

    Clyde W Yancy•JAMA•2020

  • Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 — Covid-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020

    Open Access•Shikha Garg, Lindsay Kim et al.•MMWR. Surveillance Summaries•2020

  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Population-Level Covid-19 Mortality

    Open Access•Cary P Gross, Utibe R Essien et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2020

  • Racial/ethnic differences in multimorbidity development and chronic disease accumulation for middle-aged adults

    Open Access•Ana Quinones, Anda Botoseneanu et al.•PLoS ONE•2019

  • Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations

    Open Access•Ziad Obermeyer, Brian Powers et al.•Science•2019

  • The Monitoring of Racial/Ethnic Status in the USA

    David R Williams•Ethnicity and Health•1999

  • Structural Racism, Historical Redlining, and Risk of Preterm Birth in New York City, 2013–2017

    Nancy Krieger, Gretchen Van Wye et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2020

  • Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Mortality

    Lisa B Signorello, Sarah S Cohen et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2014

  • Validity of Race and Ethnicity Codes in Medicare Administrative Data Compared With Gold-standard Self-reported Race Collected During Routine Home Health Care Visits

    Open Access•Olga F Jarrín, Olga Jarrín et al.•Medical Care•2020

Unique citing works5
Citations per year1,25
Citation span2022 - 2024 (3)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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