Black-Friendly businesses in cities during the Civil Rights Era
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11081076 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Maggie E C Jones (0000-0003-0864-0312, Emory University), Trevon D Logan (0000-0002-9264-2603, The Ohio State University, corresponding author), David Rose (0000-0003-3690-9913), Lisa D Cook (Michigan State University) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 141 |
| Pages | 103640 |
| Publication date | 2024-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Urban Economics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0094-1190 • E-ISSN: 1095-9068 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103640 |
| OpenAlex | W4391320068 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 27 |
Quantitative analysis of Black business districts and evidence on the magnitude of social change leading up to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in particular as it relates to the accessibility of public accommodations, is limited. We combine newly digitized data on the precise geocoded location of nearly 6000 Green Book establishments – public accommodations that were friendly towards African American clientele – across major urban areas with existing and new sources of data on social change to understand the dynamics of Black-friendly businesses within cities during the middle of the twentieth century. In doing so, we document a new set of facts. First, we show that the location and growth of Green Book establishments responded to economic forces. Second, we show that there was a large increase in the number of Green Book establishments in cities between 1939 and 1955. Third, for Green Book establishments located in cities for which the Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) drew residential security maps, the vast majority (nearly 70 percent) were located in the lowest-grade, redlined neighborhoods. And finally, we show that 1950s urban renewal projects were related to the contraction of non-discriminatory businesses. Collectively, these facts suggest that more research on Black-owned and Black-friendly businesses is needed to fully understand the economics of urban change in the twentieth century
Business · Civil rights · Environmentally Friendly · Political science · Law · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Race, History, and American Society · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Contributions to urban sociology
Racial segregation and the black–white test score gap
Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration
Divergent Paths
The Effects of the 1930s Holc “Redlining” Maps
Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods
The color of law
Black Metropolis
The Strange Career of Jim Crow
Are Ghettos Good or Bad
Residential segregation, discrimination, and African-American theater entry during Jim Crow
The Ecology of a Black Business District
Open for Business in the Black Metropolis
History of Racial Segregation in the United States
The Holc Maps
The Political Economy of Segregation
Strangers Next Door. Ethnic Relations in American Communities
Lost in the Storm
Absentee Ownership and Management in the Black Ghetto
Negro Harlem
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |