The Phonemes of English

I Introduction.- II Problems Connected with Phonemic Analysis.- 1. Fundamental Points.- a. Linguistics as an autonomous science.- b. Phonetics and Phonemics.- c. Diachronic v. synchronic method.- d. Structural relationship between sounds.- 2. Significant Function of Sounds.- a. The word as a basic unit.- b. Phonemes.- c. Commutation Test.- d. The significant function of place.- e. The problem of [h] and [n].- f. Phoneticism: mono- or biphonematic interpretation.- 3. Phonemes and their Interrelations.- a. Identification of the word form.- b. Pattern phenomena.- c. Are phonemes only opposing entities?.- d. Martinet's conception of distinctive qualities.- e. Neutralization, archiphoneme.- 4. The Positive Factor in the Habitus of the Phoneme.- 5. Consonant and Vowel Phonemes.- a. How to distinghuish them.- b. How to classify them.- III The Consonant Phonemes of English.- A. Inventory.- 1. 'Plosives'.- 2. 'Affricates'.- a. Is [dz] one or two phonemes?.- b. Is [z] a phoneme of English?.- 3. 'Nasals' and 'Laterals'.- a. The special nature of [n].- b. Clear and dark [l].- 4. 'Fricatives'.- a. The special nature of [r].- b. The special nature of [h].- 5. 'Semi-Vowels'.- B. Classification.- 1. Synchronic v. Diachronic Method.- 2. The Problem of Foreign Words.- 3. Initial Clusters.- a. The problem of |j|.- b. The interpretation of voiceless [c].- c. The interpretation of voiceless [n].- d. Consonants appearing as first and second members.- e. Consonants appearing as first members only.- f. Consonants appearing as second members only.- g. Triphonematic clusters.- 4. Final Clusters.- a. Is the syllable a phonemic element in English?.- b. Biphonematic clusters.- c. Triphonematic clusters.- d. Quadriphonematic clusters.- 5. Medial Clusters.- 6. Corollary.- Position Table.- Table of Consonant Combinations:.- Initial clusters.- Final clusters.- IV The Vowel Phonemes of English.- 1 The so-called 'Short' of 'Checked' Vowels.- a. Is [e] a phoneme?.- b. Is [u] a phoneme?.- 2. Long versus Short.- a. Chroneme theory.- b. Are length differences relevant?.- c. Are 'long' and 'short' correlated?.- d. 'Silbenschnitt'.- e. Other approaches.- 3. 'Long' Vowels.- 4. Diphthongs.- a. Some earlier interpretations.- b. [ei] and [ou].- c. [ai] and [au].- d. [ci].- e. [jui].- 5. 'Centring Diphthongs'.- a. One or two phonemes?.- b. Phonemic transcription.- c. The problem of [e] and [r].- d. Triphthongs.- 6. Corollary.- Publications consulted.- Index of authors.- Word index.- Postscriptum

Linguistics · Philosophy · Phonetics and Phonology Research · Psychology

• A Definition of Speech-sound Analysis, “Speech Synthesis,” and Speech

  H M Truby•WORD•1967

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