Physical activity across adulthood and physical capability in mid-life

Background Maintaining high levels of physical capability with age is important given that low levels are associated with increased risk of losing independence, health problems and mortality. Studies of older people provide evidence to suggest that physical activity may be beneficial for the maintenance of physical capability however it is unclear whether the effects of physical activity accumulate over the lifecourse. Objectives To test the associations between physical activity levels, assessed by self-report of participation in sports and recreational activities prospectively at three ages across adulthood (36, 43 and 53 years), and objective measures of physical capability at age 53 year; to examine whether any associations found are independent of physical activity levels at other ages and other potential confounders. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting England, Scotland and Wales. Participants Approximately 2400 men and women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, followed up since birth in March 1946. Main outcome measures Grip strength, standing balance and chair rise time assessed by nurses during home visits at age 53 year. Results Physical activity levels at all three ages in adulthood were positively associated with chair rise and standing balance performance. These associations were maintained after adjustment for sex, height, weight and socio-economic position with those people who were categorised as being most active performing better in these two tests than people reporting no activity. In models which included physical activity at all three ages simultaneously, there was evidence of independent positive effects of participation in sports and recreational activities at all three ages on chair rise performance and at ages 43 and 53 years on standing balance performance. Differences in mean chair rise time (1/time(s) × 100) between the most active and least active groups were: (at age 53 year: 0.30 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.46); at ages 36 and 43 year: 0.36 (0.18, 0.54)) after adjustment for activity levels at the other two ages and covariates. There was no evidence of associations between physical activity levels at any age and grip strength in women and in men only physical activity at age 53 year was associated with grip strength. Conclusions Evidence of independent effects of physical activity at different ages across adulthood on chair rise and standing balance performance in mid-life suggests that there are cumulative benefits of physical activity across adulthood for physical capability in mid-life. Increased activity should therefore be promoted earlier in life

Balance (ability) · Cohort · Cohort study · Confounding · Physical activity · Physical fitness · Physical therapy · Prospective cohort study · Demography · Health and Well-being Studies · Medicine · Gerontology