Smoking and urinary cotinine by socioeconomic status in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Bibliographic Data
BACKGROUND: Associations of socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking-related diseases depend on uniform validity of self-reported smoking habits in different SES groups. We investigated the influence of SES on validity of self-reported smoking status by means of urinary cotinine. METHODS: We determined total urinary cotinine in the baseline population of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Participants with cotinine>200 μg/L were potential current smokers. We defined upper and lower 20% of the gender-specific distribution of the International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI) as high and low SES, respectively, else as intermediate. We analysed the association of self-reported smoking status and cotinine by ISEI and additional SES measures, stratified by gender. In self-reported non-smokers, we estimated age-adjusted ORs with 95% CI to detect differences by SES in the validity of self-reported smoking status. RESULTS: In 2004 men and 1887 women, 78% and 80%, respectively, reported to be non-smokers. Median cotinine concentrations were 2 μg/L in non-smokers, and 3651 μg/L in male and 3127 μg/L in female smokers. Based on cotinine in non-smokers, 2.0 % of men (n = 32) and 1.8 % of women (n = 27) were potential smokers, with lower proportions in the subgroup of never-smokers (men: 0.7%, women: 0.5%). The validity of self-reported smoking status did not substantially differ by SES. Tendencies for increased underreporting were indicated for women with low ISEI (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.54 to 3.39) and men in blue-collar jobs (OR 1.39; 95% CI 0.67 to 2.87). CONCLUSION: Validity of self-reported smoking status in this elderly German cohort was high and did not depend on SES
Cotinine · Environmental health · Nicotine · Population · Recall · Socioeconomic status · Demography · Health disparities and outcomes · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Physical Activity and Health · Psychology · Smoking Behavior and Cessation
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