Experimenter language choice and ethnic affirmation by Chinese trilinguals in Hong Kong
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11207459 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Michael Harris Bond (0000-0001-5409-9614, Chinese University of Hong Kong, corresponding author), Man-King Cheung (Chinese University of Hong Kong) |
| Year | 1984 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 347-356 |
| Publication date | 1984-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Intercultural Relations (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0147-1767 • E-ISSN: 1873-7552 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/0147-1767(84)90014-2 |
| OpenAlex | W2064778626 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 23 |
| References cited | 13 |
When communicating with a member of his or her ethnic in-group, a multilingual typically uses his common first language. If, however, the multilingual uses a common second or third language, we believe this choice will indicate his or her endorsement of attitudes believed to be held by that language out-group. An audience will respond to this implicit statement by a shift in its ethnically relevant altitudes either towards or away from the position of the speaker. Convergence is assumed to occur if relations between the language communities are harmonious, ethnic affirmation if relations are hostile. To explore this reasoning, experimenters addressed Chinese trilinguals in their first language of Cantonese, their second language of English, or their third language of Mandarin. When instructed in Mandarin, subjects assumed their experimenter held more traditional Chinese beliefs and they themselves completed a measure of traditional Chinese beliefs in a more Western direction. Although most Hong Kong students at university are ambivalent about their colonial status under Great Britain, they oppose Hong Kong's reversion to China in 1997 and are threatened by this prospect. Consequently, we believe that they responded to an experimenter speaking the Mandarin language of China by affirming a more Western identity. Dans la communication avec un membre de son propre groupe ethnique un individu multilinque utilise sa première langue, qui est aussi la première langue de son interlocutuer. Si, cepdndant, cet individu multilingue se met à utiliser la seconde, ou la troisième langue commune dans ce groupe, nour penson qu'une telle option indique que cette personne approuve les attitudes censées être celles du groupe qui parle la langue B ou la langue C. Cette option représente donc une déclaration implicite; à cette déclaration implicite, l'auditoire va réagir: il va modifier son jugement au sujet d'attitudes ethniquement pertinentes, soit en se rapprochant de la position du locuteur, soit en s'en éloignant. Il est présemé que se produira un effet de convergence si les relations sont harmonieuses entre le groupe A et le group B; au contraire, se les relations sont hostiles, il se produira un effet d'opposition et d'auto-affirmation ethnique. En vue de documenter cette hypothèse, nous avons addressé la parole à des chinois trilingues soit dans leur première lange (Cantonnais), soit dans leur seconde (Anglais), soit dans leur troisième (Mandarin). Or, quand le mandarin était employé, les sujets de l'expérience présumaient que le locuteur était plutôt traditionnel dans son adhésion aux croyances chinoises: à la présentation de telle ou telle croyance chinoise, ils réagissaient en se rapprochant de la position occidentale. Al communicar a un miembro de su “in-group” étnico el multilingue usa tipicamente la primera idioma común. Cuando el multilingue use una seconda o tercera idioma común se crea que esta seleccion indicara su endoso de actitudes creido ser sostenido por esa idioma “out-group.” Una audencia responderá a esta declaracion implicito por un cambio de su actitudes étnico, o hacia o lejos de la posicion del hablante. Se asume convergencia en el caso de que relaciones entre las comunidades sean armonioso, pero afirmacion étnico en el caso de que sean hositles. Para investigar esta razonamiento los experimentadores instruieron trilingues chinos en su primera idioma de cantonés, su seconda idioma de ingles o su tercera idioma de mandarín. En caso de que ser instruido en mandaraín los sujetos asumieron que el experimentador sostuvo creencias chinas was tradicional y se completo una medida de tradicional creencias chinas hacia uma dirección mas occidental. Aunque la mayoria de la gente de Hong Kong estan ambivalente acerca de su estado colonial bajo de Gran Bretana, la reversion a China per 1997 es opuesto y un suceso amenazante. Por consiguiente, se creyo que los sujetos respondieron al experimentador hablando la idioma mandarin (de China) por afirmando un identidad mas occidental
Ambivalence · Art · China · Ethnic group · First language · Humanities · Language shift · Linguistics · Mandarin Chinese · Political science · Sociology · Anthropology · Gender Studies · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies · Law · Linguistic Variation and Morphology · Multilingual Education and Policy · Philosophy · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 23 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,56 |
| Citation span | 1985 - 2021 (37) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 22 |