Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

A theory of substitutability of leisure behavior

Bibliographic Data

ID11216807
AuthorsSeppo E Iso‐Ahola (0000-0002-5193-6656, University of Maryland, corresponding author)
Year1986
Volume8
Issue4
Pages367-389
Publication date1986-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueLeisure Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0149-0400 • E-ISSN: 1521-0588
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/01490408609513081
OpenAlexW2020179108
LanguageEN
Citations received46
References cited49

This article presents a theory that addresses the determinants of an individual's willingness and tendency to substitute leisure behaviors. The theory views substitution as a psychological process and is built on the basic principle that the originally intended activity is no longer possible and must therefore be replaced by another activity if leisure involvement is to be initiated or continued. Two major postulates and resultant derivations and auxiliary corollaries are offered. The determinants addressed by these derivations emanate from two sources: (1) the individual's perception or analysis of why the need for substitution arose and why he or she must substitute; and (2) the individual's perception or analysis of the psychological qualities of the leisure activity to be replaced and those of the available alternative activities. The theory posits that perceived choice (or freedom) is the critical mediator of whether certain factors undermine or enhance one's willingness to substitute. Throughout the development of the theory, evidence is considered from research in experimental social‐psychology and leisure studies. It is shown that the derivations and corollaries encompass empirical evidence from these areas and provide a theoretical basis for the relationships among the psychological variables in leisure substitutability

Economics · Empirical research · Epistemology · Perception · Positive economics · Substitution (logic · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Computer Science · Psychology · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • A critical review of climate change risk for ski tourism

    Open Access•Robert Steiger, Daniel Scott et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2019

  • Pratiquer les sports de nature estivaux en moyenne montagne. Modalités d’adaptation et d’atténuation face au changement climatique

    Anne-Sophie Crépeau, Perrin-Malterre Clémence et al.•Leisure/Loisir•2025

  • Sweden as a last resort for European skiing? An outbound market perspective

    Open Access•Harald Rice, Scott Cohen et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2025

  • Behavioural change or “business as usual”? Characterising the reaction behaviour of winter (sport) tourists to climate change in two German destinations

    Open Access•Maximilian Witting, Michael Bischof et al.•International Journal of Tourism…•2021

  • Virus tinged? Exploring the facets of virtual reality use in tourism as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Andreea Fortuna Schiopu, Remus Ion Hornoiu et al.•Telematics and Informatics•2021

  • From feedback to Emojis

    Hang Chen, H X Chen•Higher Education Research &…•2026

  • Public health perspectives and changed leisure behaviours among sport spectators following Covid-19

    Emily Messina, Anthony Weems•World Leisure & Recreation•2023

  • Can Artificial Reef Wrecks Reduce Diver Impacts on Shipwrecks? The Management Dimension

    Open Access•Joanne Edney, Dirk H R Spennemann•Journal of Maritime Archaeology•2015

  • Perception of Constraints and Strength of Motivation

    Bob Carroll, Konstantinos Alexandris•Journal of Leisure Research•1997

  • Enduring Involvement, Situational Involvement, and Flow in Leisure and Non-leisure Activities

    Mark E Havitz, Roger C Mannell•Journal of Leisure Research•2005

  • Coping in Outdoor Recreation

    Robert E Manning, William Valliere et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2001

  • Attribute Factors Associated With Work/Leisure Perceptions

    Sharon L Wagner, John W Lounsbury et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1989

  • Leisure Repertoire in a Sample of Midwestern Elderly

    Kenneth E Mobily, John H Lemke et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1993

  • Experience Use History, Place Bonding and Resource Substitution of Trout Anglers During Recreation Engagements

    William E Hammitt, Erik A Backlund et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2004

  • Temporal and Spatial Displacement

    Troy Hall, Troy E Hall et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2000

  • Integrating Ceasing Participation With Other Aspects of Leisure Behavior

    Francis A McGuire, Joseph T O’leary et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1989

  • Women and Adventure Recreation

    Donna E Little•Journal of Leisure Research•2002

  • Negotiation of Leisure Constraints by Junior-High and High-School Students

    Edgar L Jackson, Victoria C Rucks•Journal of Leisure Research•1995

  • Turystyka i wypoczynek młodzieży fińskiej (studium przypadku Uniwersytetu w Joensuu)

    Open Access•Marta Płachta•Turyzm/Tourism•2004

  • Extending the leisure substitutability concept

    Justin Harmon, Kyle Maurice Woosnam et al.•Annals of Leisure Research•2016

  • Diminishing returns

    Justin Harmon, Kyle Maurice Woosnam•Annals of Leisure Research•2021

  • The impacts of weather on tourist satisfaction and revisit intention

    Songyi Kim, Jin-Han Park et al.•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2017

  • Climate change through the eyes of recreational hunters

    Malek M Jamaliah, Mohammad M Alazaizeh et al.•Human Dimensions of Wildlife•2024

  • Outdoor recreation and global climate change

    Alan Ewert, Alan W Ewert•Society & Natural Resources•1991

  • The New Generation of Leisure Surveys—Implications for Research on Everyday Life

    Grant Cushman, A J Veal•Loisir et Société / Society and…•1993

  • Psychological contributions to the study of leisure — Part two

    Richard Ingham, Roger Ingham•Leisure Studies•1987

  • Leisure research and the social sciences

    Thomas L Burton, Edgar L Jackson•Leisure Studies•1989

  • Short-term summer trips

    Open Access•Ulrike Pröbstl‐haider, Alice Wanner•Annals of Tourism Research•2025

  • Conscious versus Nonconscious Mind and Leisure

    Seppo E Iso‐Ahola, Seppo E Iso-ahola•Leisure Sciences•2015

  • Activity Substitutability and Degree of Specialization Among Deer and Elk Hunters in Multiple States

    Mark D Needham, Jerry J Vaske•Leisure Sciences•2013

  • Is Serial Sexual Homicide a Compulsion, Deviant Leisure, or Both? Revisiting the Case of Ted Bundy

    David Williams, D J Williams•Leisure Sciences•2020

  • Effect of social group, activity, and specialization on recreation substitution decisions

    Seung-Dam Choi, Seungdam Choi et al.•Leisure Sciences•1994

  • Leisure constraints∗

    Edgar L Jackson•Leisure Sciences•1988

  • Associations between Depression Symptoms and Leisure Behavior during the Covid-19 State of Emergency

    Karel Kulbin, Kristjan Kask•Leisure Sciences•2024

  • Resource and activity substitutes for recreational salmon fishing in New Zealand

    Bo Shelby, Jerry J Vaske•Leisure Sciences•1991

  • Socially organized role‐taking

    Maureen Glancy•Leisure Sciences•1990

  • How Do Recreationists Make Activity Substitution Decisions? A Case of Recreational Fishing

    Stephen G Sutton, Chi-Ok Oh et al.•Leisure Sciences•2015

  • From Gym Rat to Rock Star! Negotiating Constraints to Leisure Experience via a Strengths and Substitutability Approach

    David J Williams•Leisure Sciences•2021

  • Costs and Perseverance in Serious Leisure Careers

    Matthew Lamont, M Kennelly et al.•Leisure Sciences•2014

  • Loyalty measurement

    Mark P Pritchard, Dennis R Howard et al.•Leisure Sciences•1992

  • Propositions for testing social exchange theory in the context of ceasing leisure participation

    Mark S Searle•Leisure Sciences•1991

  • Recreation substitutability

    Mark W Brunson, Bo Shelby•Leisure Sciences•1993

  • Comparing two approaches for identifying recreation activity substitutes

    Jerry J Vaske, Maureen P Donnelly et al.•Leisure Sciences•1990

  • The geography of skier adaptation to adverse conditions in the Ontario ski market

    Open Access•Michelle Rutty, Daniel Scott et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•2015

  • Exploring recreational hunters’ perspectives on shifting from hunting to working in tourism

    Malek M Jamaliah, Mohammad M Alazaizeh et al.•Tourism Recreation Research•2025

  • Applying the concept of site substitution to coastal tourism

    Ju Hyoung Han, Eun Jeong Noh et al.•Tourism Geographies•2015

  • Advances In Experimental Social Psychology

    Bertram Gawronski•Advances in Experimental Social…•2022

  • Intrinsic Motivation

    Open Access•Edward L Deci•Intrinsic Motivation•1975

  • Change in Life Satisfaction

    Erdman Palmore, Vira R Kivett et al.•Journal of Gerontology•1977

  • Science and Statistics

    George E P Box•Journal of the American…•1976

  • A Theory of Psychological Reactance

    Elliot G Mishler•Psychosomatic Medicine•1968

  • Perceived choice as a function of internal-external locus of control1

    Open Access•John H Harvey, Richard D Barnes et al.•Journal of Personality•1974

  • Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation

    Open Access•Seppo E Iso‐Ahola, Seppo E Iso-ahola•Annals of Tourism Research•1982

  • Some social psychological determinants of perceptions of leisure

    Seppo E Iso‐Ahola•Leisure Sciences•1979

  • Process, goal, and social interaction differences in recreation

    R Baumgartner, Thomas A Heberlein•Leisure Sciences•1981

  • Attribution of causality as a means of restoring behavioral freedom

    Stephen Worchel, Virginia A Andreoli et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1974

  • Waiting for a crowd

    Andy Baum, Andrew Baum et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged

    Ellen J Langer, Judith Rodin•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

  • Physical barriers and psychological reactance

    Sharon S Brehm, Marsha Weinraub•Journal of Personality and Social…•1977

  • The Psychological Structure of Leisure

    George E McKechnie•Journal of Leisure Research•1974

  • On the Derivation of Leisure Activity Types—A Perceptual Mapping Approach

    J R Brent Ritchie•Journal of Leisure Research•1975

  • Satisfactions Derived From Leisure-Time Pursuits

    Douglass K Hawes•Journal of Leisure Research•1978

  • Assembly Line Boredom and Individual Differences in Recreation Participation

    Eric Albert Grubb•Journal of Leisure Research•1975

  • Basic Dimensions of Definitions of Leisure

    Seppo E Iso‐Ahola, Seppo E Iso-ahola•Journal of Leisure Research•1979

  • Stability of the Factor Structure of Leisure Behavior

    Doyle W Bishop•Journal of Leisure Research•1970

  • Activity Preferences and Participation

    David R Chase, Neil H Cheek•Journal of Leisure Research•1979

  • The Substitutability Concept

    James E Christensen, Dean R Yoesting•Journal of Leisure Research•1977

  • Leisure Activities and Need Satisfaction

    Howard E A Tinsley, Richard A Kass•Journal of Leisure Research•1978

  • Recreationist-Defined Versus Researcher-Defined Similarity Judgments in Substitutability Research

    Jerry J Vaske, Maureen P Donnelly et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1983

  • The Psychological Structure of Leisure

    Manuel London, Rick Crandall et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•1977

  • Factor Structure of Leisure Behavior for High School Age Youth in Three Communities

    Peter A Witt, Peter Witt•Journal of Leisure Research•1971

  • Perceived Similarities Among Recreational Activities

    Boris W Becker•Journal of Leisure Research•1976

  • Social Interaction, Affect and Leisure

    Rick Crandall•Journal of Leisure Research•1979

  • The Substitutability Concept

    John C Hendee, Rabel J Burdge•Journal of Leisure Research•1974

  • Differential response to anticipated crowding

    Andy Baum, Andrew Baum et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

  • The ecology of adolescent activity and experience

    Open Access•Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Reed Larson et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•1977

  • Determinants of the perception of choice

    Open Access•John H Harvey, Shawn A Johnston et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•1973

  • Social influence via threats

    Open Access•Nehemia Friedland•Journal of Experimental Social…•1976

  • Determinants of perceived choice and the relationship between perceived choice and expectancy about feelings of internal control

    John H Harvey, Ben Harri et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • Antipollution measures and psychological reactance theory

    Michael B Mazis•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged

    Richard Schulz•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

  • "Attributions of blame and coping in the "real world

    Ronnie Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie J Bulman et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1977

  • Crowding and cognitive control

    Ellen J Langer, Susan Saegert•Journal of Personality and Social…•1977

  • Implied threat to behavioral freedom

    Virginia A Andreoli, Virginia Andreoli et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1974

Unique citing works46
Citations per year1,18
Citation span1987 - 2026 (40)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 46

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae