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Between the eagle and the bear

Explaining the alignment strategies of the Nordic countries in the 21 st century

Bibliographic Data

ID11221667
AuthorsHåkan Edström (Swedish Defence University, corresponding author), Jacob Westberg (Swedish Defence University)
Year2020
Volume39
Issue2
Pages191-208
Publication date2020-03-03
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueComparative Strategy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0149-5933 • E-ISSN: 1521-0448
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/01495933.2020.1718994
OpenAlexW3011993885
LanguageEN
Citations received3

This article shows that all four Nordic countries, i.e., Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, have adjusted their alignment strategies when responding to the changes in their external environment during the twenty-first century. Furthermore, our findings indicate a great diversity among the four states in their responses. All too often, security policy analyses cluster small states into allies and non-allies, respectively. However, this article suggests that alliance affiliation in isolation is not sufficient for explaining small states’ behavior and adjustments of their strategies. Occasionally, previous experiences of armed conflicts as well as perceptions of strategic exposure provide stronger explanatory power

Eagle · Economic history · Geography · Political science · European and International Law Studies · Geology · History · Paleontology

  • Insufficiency of informal alignment

    Open Access•Matti Pesu, Tuomas Iso-Markku•International Affairs•2024

  • Analyzing Security Subregions

    Open Access•Karsten Friis•Journal of Global Security Studies•2021

  • Nordic strategic culture(s) of civil defence

    Open Access•Peter Bennesved, Jenny Ingemarsdotter et al.•Defence Studies•2026

Citations per year0.6
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Highly citedNo

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