Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Perceived Discrimination and Interracial Contact

Predicting Interracial Closeness among Black and White Americans

Bibliographic Data

ID11325482
AuthorsLinda R Tropp (0000-0003-0203-7846, University of Massachusetts Amherst, corresponding author)
Year2007
Volume70
Issue1
Pages70-81
Publication date2007-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Psychology Quarterly (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0190-2725 • E-ISSN: 1939-8999
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/019027250707000108
OpenAlexW2005753300
LanguageEN
Citations received81
References cited22

This research examines whether perceptions of discrimination moderate relationships between interracial contact and feelings of interracial closeness among black and white Americans, using survey responses gathered by the National Conference for Community and Justice (2000). Results indicate that the general association between contact and interracial closeness is significantly weaker among black respondents than among white respondents. Moreover, while contact relates consistently to greater interracial closeness among white respondents, perceived discrimination moderates this relationship among black respondents, such that significant contact effects are not observed for those who perceive considerable discrimination against their racial group. At the same time, other results suggest that contact in the form of interracial friendships may help to augment black Americans' reports of interracial closeness, and diminish the role of perceived discrimination. Implications of these findings for future studies of contact between members of racial minority and majority groups are discussed

Association (psychology · Closeness · Feeling · Perception · Race (biology · Sociology · White (mutation · Gender Studies · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Cultural Dynamics · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • From “Them” to “Us”

    Open Access•Joanna Lindström, Siddartha Aradhya et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2026

  • “Let Them Eat Harmony”

    Open Access•John Dixon, Linda R Tropp et al.•Current Directions in Psychological…•2010

  • Cross-Group Friendships and Intergroup Attitudes

    Open Access•Kristin Davies, Linda R Tropp et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2011

  • Close Encounters

    R Reagans•Organization Science•2011

  • How Can Intergroup Interaction Be Bad If Intergroup Contact Is Good? Exploring and Reconciling an Apparent Paradox in the Science of Intergroup Relations

    Open Access•Cara C Macinnis, Elizabeth Page-Gould•Perspectives on Psychological…•2015

  • Interracial and Intraracial Contact, School-Level Diversity, and Change in Racial Identity Status Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Tiffany Yip, Eleanor K Seaton et al.•Child Development•2010

  • Cross‐ethnic friendships, perceived discrimination, and their effects on ethnic activism over time

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, Diala R Hawi et al.•British Journal of Social…•2011

  • Informal Training Experiences and Explicit Bias against African Americans among Medical Students

    Open Access•Sara E Burke, John F Dovidio et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2016

  • Intergroup Contact and Belonging Among Ethiopian Jews in Ethiopia

    Open Access•Mastewal Bitew, Sonja Drobnic•Personality and Social Psychology…•2026

  • Improving Refugee Well-Being With Better Language Skills and More Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Linda K Tip, Rupert Brown et al.•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • Perspective taking combats automatic expressions of racial bias

    Andrew R Todd, Galen V Bodenhausen et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • With a little help from my cross-group friend

    Elizabeth Page-Gould, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • When minorities clash

    Open Access•Simona Oľhová, Roman Koky et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Hate begets hate

    A Igarashi•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2021

  • Seeking Just Us

    Open Access•Christopher K Marshburn, B Campos•Journal of Black Psychology•2022

  • African American, Black Caribbean, and Non-Hispanic White Feelings of Closeness Toward Other Racial and Ethnic Groups

    Open Access•Michael C Thornton, R J Taylor et al.•Journal of Black Studies•2012

  • Understanding Collective Efficacy as a Racialized Process

    Open Access•C Chouhy, James D Unnever•Race and Social Problems•2023

  • The Moderating Effect of South Korean Children’s Encounter with Children from Multicultural Families on the Relationship between Their Fathers' Perception of Multicultural Families and Their Racial Awareness

    Open Access•Juan Ouyang, Kyung Eun Jahng•Child Indicators Research•2021

  • Crossing the communication divide

    Nick Joyce, Laszlo Vincze et al.•Journal of International and…•2016

  • The Single Factor Fallacy

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Miles Hewstone•Social Issues and Policy Review•2017

  • Group efficacy as a moderator on the associations between perceived discrimination, acculturation orientations, and psychological well‐being

    Open Access•Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Esra Canpolat•Journal of Community & Applied…•2019

  • To Hell with Them All!”

    D Herda•Sociological Focus•2017

  • Can urban parks bridge deep divides? Assessing the effects of inter-racial social interaction in parks and public spaces on trust

    Lauren E Mullenbach, Andrew J Mowen et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2021

  • Perceived outgroup entitativity mediates stronger effects of intergroup contact for majority than minority status groups

    Open Access•Sybille Neji, Miles Hewstone et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2025

  • Are attitudes determined by location? Differences in perceptions of asylum seekers between residents of two Zagreb neighbourhoods

    Open Access•Margareta Gregurović, Petra Radeljak Kaufmann et al.•Geoforum•2019

  • Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact

    Open Access•John F Dovidio, Angelika Love et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2017

  • The effect of intergroup contact on secondary group attitudes and social dominance orientation

    Open Access•Natalie J Shook, Patricia D Hopkins et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2015

  • Interracial friendship and the trajectory of prominority attitudes

    Open Access•Miriam Northcutt Bohmert, A Demaris•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2014

  • The role of group versus hierarchy motivations in dominant groups’ perceived discrimination

    Open Access•Mukadder Okuyan, Johanna Ray Vollhardt•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2022

  • Intergroup friendships on campus

    Open Access•Janet Ward Schofield, Leslie R M Hausmann et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2010

  • Positive and negative intergroup contact and newcomer immigrants’ psychological adjustment

    Corine Stella Kana Kenfack, Francesca Prati et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2024

  • How normative multiculturalism relates to immigrant well-being

    C Ward, Inkuk Kim et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2020

  • Positive versus negative contact and refugees' intentions to migrate

    Open Access•Zafer Özkan, Naif Ergün et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•2021

  • Longitudinal effects of contact on intergroup relations

    Open Access•Loris Vezzali, Dino Giovannini et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•2010

  • Correlates of Ethnicity‐related Dating Preferences among Asian American Adolescents across the High School Years

    Open Access•Michele Chan, Lisa Kiang et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2020

  • Impacts of vocational training for persons with disabilities

    Open Access•Yoshito Takasaki•Journal of Development Economics•2024

  • La construction des attitudes envers les Roms

    Audrey Gagnon•Politique et Sociétés•2018

  • Power, negotiations, and the anticipation of intergroup encounters

    Tamar Saguy, Nour S Kteily et al.•European Review of Social…•2014

  • Secondary Transfer Effects of Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Katharina Schmid, Miles Hewstone et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2012

  • How Contact Experiences Shape Welcoming

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, D G Okamoto et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2018

  • Interreligious Contact, Perceived Group Threat, and Perceived Discrimination

    Open Access•Agnieszka Kanas, Peer Scheepers et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2015

  • The interplay of positive and negative intergroup contact

    Open Access•Katrín Árnadóttir, Judit Kende et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The role of positive and negative contact of migrants with native people in affecting their future interactions. Evidence from Italy and Turkey

    Open Access•Francesca Prati, Corine Stella Kana Kenfack et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Defining discrimination across cultural groups

    Open Access•Mark P Orbe, Sakile Kai Camara•International Journal of…•2010

  • The experience of ethnic prejudice of Turkish ethnic minorities in Flanders

    Open Access•Amelie Van Pottelberge, John Lievens•International Journal of…•2018

  • Internal migration and the negative attitudes toward migrant workers in China

    Open Access•Hechao Jiang, Taixiang Duan et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Intergroup fears and concerns among minority and majority groups

    Open Access•Sofia Stathi, Melissa Pavetich et al.•Journal of Community Psychology•2020

  • Personal intergroup contact between different groups of ex‐combatants and civilians

    Open Access•Mayuko Onuki, Keitaro Aoyagi et al.•European Journal of Social…•2022

  • How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•European Journal of Social…•2008

  • Examining beliefs about reconciliation and social integration in Kosovo

    Open Access•Liora Morhayim, Linda R Tropp et al.•European Journal of Social…•2024

  • Positive and negative intergroup contact and shared reality

    Open Access•Sebastian Lutterbach, Andreas Beelmann•European Journal of Social…•2020

  • Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions

    Open Access•Juliette Schaafsma, John B Nezlek et al.•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • The Contact‐Prejudice Relationship Among Ethnic Minorities

    Open Access•Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen, Arzoo Rafiqi•Social Science Quarterly•2017

  • Is Measuring Interracial Contact Enough? Racial Concentration, Racial Balance, and Perceptions of Prejudice among Black Americans

    Open Access•Yasmiyn Irizarry•Social Science Quarterly•2013

  • Religiosity and Social Network Diversity

    Open Access•Jeremy R Porter, M O Emerson•Social Science Quarterly•2013

  • A Renaissance of Social Relevance

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp•Journal of Social Issues•2025

  • A Paradox of Integration? Interracial Contact, Prejudice Reduction, and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination

    Open Access•John Dixon, K Durrheim et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2010

  • Racial Contact and Change in South Africa

    Open Access•K Durrheim, John Dixon•Journal of Social Issues•2010

  • Consequences of Diversity for Social Cohesion and Prejudice

    Open Access•Miles Hewstone•Journal of Social Issues•2015

  • Neighborhood Racial Context and Perceptions of Police‐based Racial Discrimination Among Black Youth

    Open Access•Eric A Stewart, Eric P Baumer et al.•Criminology•2009

  • The role of Blacks’ discriminatory expectations in their prosocial orientations toward whites and blacks

    Open Access•James D Johnson, Leslie Ashburn-Nardo et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2008

  • Perspective taking combats the denial of intergroup discrimination

    Open Access•Andrew R Todd, Galen V Bodenhausen et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2011

  • How Does Interracial Contact Among the U.S.-Born Shape White and Black Receptivity Toward Immigrants

    Open Access•Helen B Marrow, Linda R Tropp et al.•Du Bois Review Social Science…•2019

  • Does Sport Bring Different Racial/Ethnic Groups Together? Examining U.S. Adults’ Beliefs and the Impact of Youth and Adult Sport Experiences

    Mariah K Warner, Chris Knoester•Sociology of Sport Journal•2025

  • Ambivalence about social relevance? How we can reframe academic research and reaffirm our commitment to the public good

    Linda R Tropp•European Review of Social…•2025

  • Trends

    Open Access•Yalidy Matos, Stacey Greene et al.•Political Research Quarterly•2021

  • Group discrimination, intergroup contact, and ethnic minority members’ reactions toward the majority

    Open Access•Arzoo Rafiqi, Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen•Ethnicities•2021

  • Constructed Attitudes toward the Roma

    Open Access•Audrey Gagnon•Canadian Journal of Political…•2020

  • The Limitations of Intergroup Friendship

    Open Access•Thoa V Khuu, D R Schaefer et al.•Socius Sociological Research for…•2023

  • Feelings of closeness toward Asian Americans

    Harvey L Nicholson•Sociological Spectrum•2022

  • Making Everyday Microaggressions

    Open Access•M W Hughey, Jordan Rees et al.•Sociological Inquiry•2017

  • Exploring How National Politics Influences the Outcome of Intergroup Contact among Muslim Minority Members

    Open Access•Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen, Arzoo Rafiqi•Sociological Inquiry•2018

  • Explaining Unfavorable Attitudes Toward Religious Out-Groups Among Three Major Religions

    Open Access•Eylem Kanol•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2021

  • The Cost of Being Christian

    Open Access•Shichao Du•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2023

  • Asian Americans' Perception of Intergroup Commonality with Blacks and Latinos

    Open Access•Saemyi Park•Social Sciences•2021

  • Terrorist attacks and minority perceived discrimination

    Open Access•Marco Giani, Luca Paolo Merlino•British Journal of Sociology•2021

  • Reactive Transnationalism and the Ascent of Donald Trump

    Open Access•D Herda•Global Networks•2025

  • Colorblindness in Black and White

    Open Access•Alex Manning, D Hartmann et al.•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2015

  • Conceptual Tools for Research on Race and Social Problems

    Von E Nebbitt, Von Nebbitt et al.•Journal of Human Behavior in the…•2010

  • The contact-prejudice relationship among ethnic minorities

    Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen, Arzoo Rafiqi•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2016

  • Race/Ethnicity, Perceived Discrimination, and Beliefs About the Meaning of an Obama Presidency

    Open Access•Matthew O Hunt, David C Wilson•Du Bois Review Social Science…•2009

  • Black Americans' Views of Racial Inequality

    Lee Sigelman, Susan Welch•Black Americans' Views of Racial…•1994

  • Urban Inequality

    Alice O'Connor, Chris Tilly et al.•Urban Inequality•2001

  • Differential Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Prejudice

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, T F Pettigrew•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Among Minority and Majority Status Groups

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, T F Pettigrew•Psychological Science•2005

  • Racial attitudes in America

    Howard Schuman•Racial attitudes in America•1988

  • Racism Without Racists

    E Bonilla-Silva, Bonilla-Silva Eduardo•Racism Without Racists•2017

  • The Contact Hypothesis Revisited

    Lee Sigelman, Susan Welch•Social Forces•1993

  • The Psychological Impact of Prejudice

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • The Effects of Ingroup and Outgroup Friendships on Ethnic Attitudes in College

    Open Access•Shana Levin, Nurit Shnabel et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • Race, Racism, and Discrimination

    Lawrence D Bobo, C Fox•Social Psychology Quarterly•2003

  • Gender Differences in Whites' Racial Attitudes

    Michael Hughes, Michael D Hughes et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2003

  • Bridging the Racial Divide in the United States

    M K Johnson, Margaret Mooney Marini•Social Psychology Quarterly•1998

  • Color-Blind

    Matthew O Hunt, Pamela Jackson et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2000

  • Some of My Best Friends Are Black

    Mary R Jackman, Marie Crane•Public Opinion Quarterly•1986

  • Contents and Correlates of Whites' and Blacks' Racial Attitudes

    Open Access•Margo J Monteith, C Vincent Spicer•Journal of Experimental Social…•2000

  • African American College Students’ Experiences With Everyday Racism

    Open Access•Janet K Swim, Lauri L Hyers et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2003

  • Beliefs about Inequality

    James R Kluegel, Eliot R Smith•Beliefs about Inequality•2017

  • A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory

    T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • The Continuing Significance of Race

    Joe R Feagin•American Sociological Review•1991

Unique citing works81
Citations per year4,5
Citation span2008 - 2026 (19)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 80

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae