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The reliability of setting grade boundaries using comparative judgement

Bibliographic Data

ID11482502
AuthorsTom Benton (0000-0003-4275-2684, Cambridge University Press, corresponding author), Gill Elliott (0000-0002-2369-4055, Cambridge University Press)
Year2016
Volume31
Issue3
Pages352-376
Publication date2016-05-26
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueResearch Papers in Education (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0267-1522 • E-ISSN: 1470-1146
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/02671522.2015.1027723
OpenAlexW2008316232
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited15

In recent years the use of expert judgement to set and maintain examination standards has been increasingly criticised in favour of approaches based on statistical modelling. This paper reviews existing research on this controversy and attempts to unify the evidence within a framework where expertise is utilised in the form of comparative judgement. Initially, the paper introduces a mathematical model for the way in which comparative judgement may operate. Data from existing studies of comparative judgement are then used to estimate suitable parameters for this model. Having derived a working mathematical model for the operation of expert judgement, the paper will then demonstrate that this model provides results that are broadly consistent with existing research, including both studies that are critical and studies that are supportive of the use of expert judgement. The model will then be applied to examine the required scale and design of expert-driven approaches to standard maintaining in order for these to have any chance of being as reliable as the currently favoured, purely statistical approaches. The paper also discusses the minimum conditions required for this approach to designing expert-driven approaches to be appropriate

Judgement · Management science · Operations research · Order (exchange · Political science · Reliability (semiconductor · Scale (ratio · Set (abstract data type · Statistical model · Computer Science · Engineering · Law · Student Assessment and Feedback · Artificial Intelligence

  • Using pairwise comparison and ordered exemplars as a basis for a novel method of standard setting in narrative writing

    Open Access•Stephen Humphry, Lenore Adie et al.•Frontiers in Education•2023

  • Exploring the practical feasibility of adaptive comparative judgment as a summative assessment method

    Open Access•Kjetil Egelandsdal, Eva Hartell et al.•Assessment & Evaluation in Higher…•2025

  • Consistency Analysis of Assessment Boards in University Entrance Examinations in Spain

    Open Access•Alejandro Veas, José Antonio López Pina•European Journal of Investigation…•2025

  • Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking

    Open Access•Michael J Kolen, Robert L Brennan•Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking•2004

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    L L Thurstone•Psychological Review•1927

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    Ralph Allan Bradley, Milton E Terry•Biometrika•1952

  • Setting and maintaining GCSE and GCE grading standards

    Neil Stringer, Neil Simon Stringer•Research Papers in Education•2012

  • Using modern test theory to maintain standards in public qualifications in England

    Christopher Wheadon•Research Papers in Education•2013

  • Would the real gold standard please step forward

    Jo‐Anne Baird, Jo-Anne Baird et al.•Research Papers in Education•2000

  • Evaluating the rank‐ordering method for standard maintaining

    Tom Bramley, Tim Gill•Research Papers in Education•2010

  • The Effects of Consistency of Performance on A Level Examiners' Judgements of Standards

    Open Access•Alex Scharaschkin, Jo‐Anne Baird•British Educational Research…•2000

  • Grade Awarding Judgements in Differentiated Examinations

    Open Access•F J Good, Frances Good et al.•British Educational Research…•1988

  • Logit Models for Sets of Ranked Items

    P D Allison, Nicholas A Christakis•Sociological Methodology•1994

Citations per year1
Citation span2023 - 2025 (3)
Highly citedNo
Open DOISci-Hub
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