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Understanding what factors influence community health worker involvement in hypertension service delivery in Kenya

Applying a community health system lens

Bibliographic Data

ID11490959
AuthorsNancy Kagwanja (0000-0002-4411-4961, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, corresponding author), Robinson Oyando (0000-0001-8768-6014, Health Economics Research Unit, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme , P.O BOX 230-80108, 197 Lenana Place, Nairobi), Syreen Hassan (0000-0002-4435-7744, Department of Health Service Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy , Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT), Brahima A Diallo (0000-0003-1486-3926, Nutrition and Planetary Health, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM , Atlantic Boulevard, P.O BOX 273, Fajara, Banjul), Jainaba Badjie (Nutrition and Planetary Health, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM , Atlantic Boulevard, P.O BOX 273, Fajara, Banjul), Ruth Lucinde (0000-0001-6926-8556, Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program , P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi), Noni Mumba (0000-0002-3531-8823, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme), Sam Kinyanjui (Training Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program , P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi), Pablo Perel (0000-0002-2342-301X, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT), Anthony Etyang (0000-0003-1267-6422, Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program , P.O BOX 230-80108, Kilifi), Nadia Aaliyan (Kilifi County Department of Health , P.O BOX 9, 80108, Kilifi), Hassan Leli (Kilifi County Department of Health , P.O BOX 9, 80108, Kilifi), Ellen Nolte (0000-0002-2289-117X, Department of Health Service Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy , Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT), Benjamin Tsofa (0000-0003-1000-1771, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme)
Year2026
Volume41
Issue4
Pages627-639
Publication date2026-02-24
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueHealth Policy and Planning (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0268-1080 • E-ISSN: 1460-2237
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/heapol/czag020
PMID41735613
OpenAlexW7131394216
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited46

The systematic involvement of community health workers (CHWs) in hypertension management can improve outcomes and achieve blood pressure control. However, much of this evidence is from effectiveness trials conducted under ideal conditions, with little evidence from programmes operating in routine conditions. In Kenya, recent policy changes have expanded CHW roles to routinely incorporate non-communicable disease (including hypertension) service delivery. We undertook an exploratory descriptive qualitative study in one county, examining what CHWs now referred to as community health promoters (CHPs) do in relation to hypertension service delivery, influences on their involvement, and considerations for sustainability. We found ad hoc and fragmented CHP involvement in practice despite policy guidance for community-level hypertension service delivery. Drawing on the extended health systems building blocks framework, we identified multiple capacities that can support expanded CHP roles in hypertension care, including the pre-existing community health service structure and societal partnerships, as well as their level of motivation. Policy provisions for CHP professionalization (payment of stipends, provision of CHP kits with varied commodities and training) create an enabling environment. However, sustained adoption of the new CHP roles may be impeded by (i) challenges in meeting the financial and supply chain obligations for stipend payments and commodities, respectively; and (ii) inadequate sensitization of communities and frontline-providers concerning expanded CHP roles and implications for facility-level hypertension care. To effectively implement recent policies, strengthening coordination and communication across all community and health system actors is needed, as well as clarity and deliberation on long-term financing for the community health system

CLARITY · Community engagement · Community health · Health care · Health promotion · Service (business) · Service delivery framework · Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies · Diabetes Management and Education · Global Maternal and Child Health · Health Policy

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Unique citing works1
Citations per year1
Citation span2026 - 2026 (1)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 1
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