Unlocking the potential of other effective area-based conservation measures (Oecms) for achieving conservation targets
A global scoping review
Bibliographic Data
Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), introduced by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), refer to areas outside formal protected-area networks that deliver effective and enduring in situ biodiversity conservation. This scoping review systematically examined global approaches to identifying and evaluating potential OECMs. Analysing 99 studies covering 694 case studies and 237 000 potential sites, we found that potential OECMs are widespread, particularly in Asia and terrestrial environments, with most initiatives led by the environmental sector. Assessments relied largely on qualitative expert knowledge, with limited application of analytical methods. Although CBD criteria were commonly applied, contributions of related to ecosystem services and socio-cultural values were often overlooked. Effectiveness evaluations showed considerable uncertainty, with over one-third of case studies reporting inadequate evidence of conservation outcomes. The review emphasises the need for standardised assessment methodologies, improved decision-support tools, and socio-cultural integration to enhance OECM recognition, particularly under the 30 × 30 conservation biodiversity target
Biodiversity · Biodiversity conservation · Conservation science · Convention on Biological Diversity · Ecosystem services · Measurement of biodiversity · Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management · Environmental and Social Impact Assessments · Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Searching for grey literature for systematic reviews
Gray literature
Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century
Promoting an open research culture
Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews
The PRISMA 2020 statement
Scoping studies
Charting the value and limits of other effective conservation measures (Oecms) for marine conservation
New Steps of Change
Avoiding the misuse of other effective area-based conservation measures in the wake of the blue economy
Publish (in English) or perish
Scoping studies
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| Highly cited | No |