Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The L2/L3 initial state, initial stages and judgement tasks

The role of intercomprehension when judging unknown languages

Bibliographic Data

ID11656253
AuthorsYlva Falk (0000-0002-7730-0664, Stockholm University, corresponding author), Camilla Bardel (0000-0001-5615-3688, Stockholm University)
Year2024
Volume41
Issue2
Pages471-486
Publication date2024-02-14
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSecond language Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0267-6583 • E-ISSN: 1477-0326
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/02676583231220785
OpenAlexW4391814416
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited17

This study problematizes the second language (L2) / third language (L3) initial state, questioning who the real initial state-learners are and whether it is the initial state that has been explored in some previous L3 studies that claim to do so. We will discuss the notion of initial stages in relation to the initial state. We argue that, depending on prior language knowledge, learners can – thanks to intercomprehension – advance rapidly from the initial state into the initial stages of interlanguage. We base these suggestions on data from a small-scale study in which 20 native speakers of Swedish assessed whether some Dutch, Finnish and Norwegian sentences were grammatical or not. The results from this study led us to a discussion of whether the leap from the initial state to the initial stages can be overcome more quickly, due to the clues from typological similarity on the lexical level that the learners are given

Cognitive psychology · Epistemology · Judgement · Linguistics · State (computer science · Theoretical linguistics · Computer Science · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism · Philosophy · Psychology · Second Language Acquisition and Learning

  • Is it time to discard the concept of wholesale transfer in third language acquisition? A critical commentary on González Alonso et al., 2025

    Open Access•Marit Westergaard, Natalia Mitrofanova et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • A Developmental Trajectory of Stance and Modality in Second Language Hebrew Argumentative Writing

    Open Access•Eihab Abu-Rabiah•Education Sciences•2026

  • The initial state of third language acquisition

    Open Access•Xuelei Zhang•International Journal of…•2025

  • How well can intelligibility of closely related languages in Europe be predicted by linguistic and non-linguistic variables

    Open Access•Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J Van Heuven•Linguistic Approaches to…•2020

  • Reading across the Germanic languages

    Open Access•Nicole Marx•International Journal of…•2012

  • Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language

    Open Access•Marit Westergaard, Natalia Mitrofanova et al.•International Journal of…•2017

  • Language acquisition as computational resetting

    Abdelkader Hermas•International Journal of…•2010

  • What variables condition syntactic transfer? A look at the L3 initial state

    Open Access•Joshua Rothman, Jason Rothman et al.•Second language Research•2010

  • Object pronouns in German L3 syntax

    Open Access•Ylva Falk, Camilla Bardel•Second language Research•2010

  • A methodological synthesis and meta-analysis of judgment tasks in second language research

    Open Access•Luke Plonsky, Emma Marsden et al.•Second language Research•2019

  • The role of the second language in third language acquisition

    Open Access•Camilla Bardel, Ylva Falk•Second language Research•2007

  • L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer/Full Access model

    Open Access•Bonnie D Schwartz, Rex A Sprouse•Second language Research•1996

  • L3 syntactic transfer selectivity and typological determinacy

    Open Access•Joshua Rothman, Jason Rothman•Second language Research•2010

  • Validating an Elicited Imitation Task as a Measure of Implicit Knowledge

    Open Access•Nina Spada, Julie Li‐ju Shiu et al.•Language Learning•2015

Unique citing works3
Citations per year3
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 2

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae