The Influence of Positive and Negative Victim Credibility on the Assessment of Rape Victims; An Experimental Study of Expectancy—Confirmation Bias
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11658024 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Leendert Koppelaar (CIRCON Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, corresponding author), ALFRED LANGE (University of Amsterdam), Jan-Willem Van De Velde (CIRCON Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 61-85 |
| Publication date | 1997-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Review of Victimology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0269-7580 • E-ISSN: 2047-9433 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/026975809700500104 |
| OpenAlex | W2048950362 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 24 |
The influence of prior credibility information about a rape victim on the subsequent questioning and assessment of the victim by the police was studied in two related experiments. It was hypothesized that the number and type of questions asked would be influenced by the type of prior information the subjects had received. Furthermore, evaluation of the victims’ report was expected to be biased toward the manipulated level of victim credibility. In Experiment 1 law students were either given negative, positive or no victim credibility information before participating in a simulated victim interview. Analysis of the number and type of questions asked during the interview, and the attributed victim or assailant responsibility measured after the interview confirmed the hypothesis for the number and type of questions. The expected bias with regard to the final evaluation of the victim and the assailant was only partially confirmed. Irrespective of the prior information on victim credibility, attributions of responsibility were related to stereotypical beliefs about rape and estimated percentage of false crime reports. In Experiment 2 these results were partially replicated using a sample of vice squad detectives. These police officers appeared to be more sympathetic towards rape victims than were the law students. The discussion focused on the complexity of expectancy confirmation research and the rather positive results found in this study
Attribution · Credibility · Expectancy theory · Injury prevention · Medical emergency · Poison control · Political science · Suicide prevention · Human Factors and Ergonomics · Jury Decision Making Processes · Law · Medicine · Psychology · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Police perceptions of rape victims and the impact on case decision making
Comparing Rape Victim and Perpetrator Blaming in a Police Officer Sample
Potential for police investigator bias
Blaming sexual violence victims in the context of internalized sexism and female intragender hostility
Let the facts speak, not the pictures
The Role of High School Coaches in Helping Prevent Adolescent Sexual Aggression
Research on the self-fulfilling prophecy and teacher expectations.
Teachers' communication of differential expectations for children's classroom performance
Stigma
Pygmalion in the classroom
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Victim's Provocativeness and Victim's Attractiveness as Determinants of Blame in Rape
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 7
Pygmalion in the classroom
Rape
The influence of the character of the criminal and his victim on the decisions of simulated jurors
Information-gathering processes
Behavioral confirmation in social interaction
Cultural myths and supports for rape
A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects
Beautiful but dangerous
Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering
Forming impressions of personality
| Unique citing works | 6 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,4 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2023 (13) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 6 |