The Environmental Causes of Intellectual Injury — A victim Perspective

Bibliographic Data

ID11658050
AuthorsChristopher Williams (0000-0001-6036-5157, Global Security Programme, University of Cambridge, 17 Botolph House, Botolph Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RE, UK, corresponding author)
Year1996
Volume4
Issue3
Pages195-219
Publication date1996-09-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Review of Victimology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0269-7580 • E-ISSN: 2047-9433
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/026975809600400303
OpenAlexW2001544340
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited25

Human endeavour has now created environments that pose a threat to the human intellect. Lead, iodine deficiency, and nuclear pollution are recognised problems, but there are many others. Current debate is largely in the domain of medicine. The purpose of this paper is to provide the basis for a victimological perspective. Causation is the key concept, and therefore the main theme of this discussion. There are four relevant models of causation — scientific, social, environmental, and legal — within which this paper outlines the main literature, current thinking, associated difficulties, and possible developments within a victim perspective. The paper proceeds from a definition of ‘environmental victims’, and specific questions are raised concerning the status of the unborn victim, burdens of proof, and laws which diminish victims' rights. Finally, key principles, to ensure the security of our individual and collective ‘intellectual capital’ through national and international law, are proposed

Causation · Criminology · Engineering ethics · Environmental ethics · Environmental pollution · Environmental protection · Law and economics · Perspective (graphical · Political science · Sociology · Computer Science · Engineering · Environmental Justice and Health Disparities · Environmental law and policy · Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity · Law

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