Ranking World Cities
Multinational Corporations and the Global Urban Hierarchy
Dados Bibliográficos
| ID | 11670243 |
|---|---|
| Autores | Brian J Godfrey (Vassar College, autor correspondente), Yu Zhou (0009-0001-5712-6902, Vassar College) |
| Ano | 1999 |
| Volume | 20 |
| Fascículo | 3 |
| Páginas | 268-281 |
| Data de publicação | 1999-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Sim |
| Open Access | Não |
| Tipo | ARTICLE |
| Periódico | Urban Geography (JOURNAL) |
| Identificadores do periódico | ISSN: 0272-3638 • E-ISSN: 1938-2847 |
| Editora | Taylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.2747/0272-3638.20.3.268 |
| OpenAlex | W2018755855 |
| Idioma | EN |
| Citações recebidas | 68 |
| Referências citadas | 20 |
World-city literature often relies on a priori assumptions rather than quantifiable measures to discern the global urban hierarchy. In search of comparable international indicators, many studies use the corporate headquarters of multinational corporations (MNCs) as primary locational data. Recognizing that MNCs play a dominant role in the global economy, we argue that reliance on headquarters locations alone distorts the contours of the urban hierarchy. The method overstates the importance of urban centers in the developed countries and economies dominated by large corporations; conversely, it underestimates the importance of lower-level circuits of regional communication, transaction centers in developing countries, and cities in less-centralized economies. This bias is not simply a technical matter: it asserts the power of the core economies, while understating the diversity and complexity of global interactions. We propose to include MNC first-level subsidiary locations in a more refined measure of world-city status
Business · Developing country · Diversity (politics · Economic geography · Economic growth · Economics · Economy · Geography · Global city · Hierarchy · Market economy · Microeconomics · Multinational corporation · Political science · Ranking (information retrieval · Regional science · Sociology · Transaction cost · Urban hierarchy · Computer Science · Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration · Global Urban Networks and Dynamics · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis
Globalization, Development and Ordinary Cities
Analyzing urban networks through the lens of corporate networks
Spatial-economic networks in global cities
Spatial structure and organization of the medical device industry urban network in China
Analysis of Settlements Patterns in Hatay Province
Küresel Kentlerin Anlamsal İnşası
Ranking Asia-Pacific cities
Spatial Barriers and the Formation of Global Art Cities
The Anatomy of a Dumpster
Beijing and the Development of Dual Central Business Districts
Bibliography for the Study of Asian Culture(s) and Globalization
Economic hubs and the domination of inter-regional ties in world city networks
The Weight of Tradition, the Springboard of Tradition
Comparing Airline Passenger Destinations With Global Service Connectivities
"Place-Particularity and "Deep Analogies
Cities and Globalization
The Challenges of Research on the Global Network of Cities
Powerful City Networks
The Shifting Geography of Corporate Headquarters in Australia
The brokerage role of Hong Kong in global financial networks
Strategic globalizing centers and sub-network geometries
The command and control centers of the United States (2006/2012)
Planning for telecommunications in Germany
Hong Kong under Chinese Sovereignty
Toward a Post-Socialist City? Economic Tertiarization and Urban Reformation in the Guangzhou Metropolis, China
Geographies of everywhere and nowhere
Urban Competitiveness and Urban Governance in the Globalizing World
European cities as command and control centres, 2006–11
Government and urban management in the 20th century
Beyond ‘Social Polarization’? A Test for Asian World Cities in Developmental States
Spatial Interrelationships of Quality of Life with Land Use/Land Cover, Demography and Urbanization
The Geographical Size Index for Ranking and Typology of Cities
A roster of world cities
Global cities with Chinese characteristics
Building a “Headquarters Economy”
World cities or great cities? A comparative study of five Asian metropolises
Cities as control and command centres
The world's largest foreign TNCs in U.S. global cities
Singapore’s competitiveness as a global city
Predicting the network shift of large urban agglomerations in China using the deep-learning gravity model
Institutions and Urban Change in a Globalising World
The spatial pattern of MNCs headquarters in the context of developmental state
State policy and the globalization of Beijing
Globalisation, Institutional Structures and Real Estate Markets in Central European Cities
Determinants of Dynamics in the World City Network, 2000-2004
Networks in Cities, Cities in Networks
Cultural activities and corporate geography in a city
Local name, global fame
On Conceptual Confusion in Empirical Analyses of a Transnational Urban Network
An Appraisal of the Use of Airline Data in Assessing the World City Network
Global Media Cities in Transnational Media Networks
Network Analysis of ‘Urban Systems’
Power and Position in the World City System
Mapping Global Urban Networks
Global Cities, Public Transportation, and Social Exclusion
Geographies of Corporate Decision-Making and Control
City networks and commodity chains
Infrastructure of mobility
Revisiting Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo
Modelling the shifting command and control function of cities through a gravity model based bidimensional regression analysis
Power or Market? Location Determinants of Multinational Headquarters in China
The Way We Were
The Geography of Global Corporate Networks
Sectoral Differentiation and Network Structure Within Contemporary Worldwide Corporate Networks
Understanding the position of end nodes in the world city network
Mesoscale Structures in World City Networks
World cities in poor countries
Urbanization and the Global Perspective
Megalopolis
The city builders
Technopolis
Where we stand
On concentration and centrality in the global city
Hierarchical tendencies amongst world cities
Conceptualising and Mapping the Structure of the World System's City System
Corporate Spatial Links With Financial Institutions
World city formation
The Law of the Primate City
Multipolarity and the Layering of Functions in World Cities
Corporate Role of New York City in the Metropolitan Hierarchy
Restructuring and Decentralization in a World City
The Geographical Organization of Production-Systems
The Dirty Little Secret of World Cities Research
Asia's Miracle Economies
| Obras citantes distintas | 68 |
|---|---|
| Citações por ano | 2,43 |
| Intervalo de citações | 1998 - 2026 (29) |
| Velocidade de citação | current |
| Altamente citado | Não |
| Tipos de citação | Neutras: 65 |