Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Unsociability, Peer Rejection, and Loneliness in Chinese Early Adolescents

Testing a Cross-Lagged Model

Bibliographic Data

ID11670643
AuthorsBowen Xiao (0000-0001-6766-714X, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, corresponding author), Amanda Bullock (0000-0003-3800-2186, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China), Junsheng Liu (0000-0002-6823-0617, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), Robert J Coplan (0000-0003-3696-2108, East China Normal University), Robert Coplan (East China Normal University, Shanghai, China)
Year2020
Volume41
Issue6
Pages865-885
Publication date2020-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Journal of Early Adolescence (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0272-4316 • E-ISSN: 1552-5449
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0272431620961457
OpenAlexW3091332835
LanguageEN
Citations received20
References cited50

In this study, we explored the longitudinal linkages among Chinese early adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness. Participants were N = 445 primary school students in Shanghai, P.R. China followed over 3 years from Grades 6 and 7 to Grades 8 and 9. Measures of adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness were obtained each year from a combination of self-reports and peer nominations. Among the results, (1) compared with the unidirectional and bidirectional models, the cross-lagged model was deemed the best fit for the data; (2) adolescent unsociability contributed to later increases in loneliness via a pathway through peer rejection; and (3) loneliness directly contributed to later increases in unsociability. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of unsociability for Chinese adolescents’ experience of peer rejection and subsequent loneliness

China · Developmental psychology · Loneliness · Peer acceptance · Peer group · Political science · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Clinical Psychology · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • College Students’ Dormitory Exclusion and Learning Adaptation

    Open Access•Yinyin Dong, Jienan Niu et al.•The Journal of Psychology•2026

  • Peer Dislike and Future School Adjustment in Early Adolescence

    Open Access•Lenka Kollerová, Tracy M Sweet et al.•Child & Youth Care Forum•2025

  • Height dissatisfaction and loneliness among adolescents

    Open Access•Qinzi Li Mo, Qin-zi Li Mo et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • The relationship between cyberostracism and life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents

    Open Access•Wei Wang, Jing Liu et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Benefits of solitude for connected individuals in the United States but not China

    Open Access•Morgan Quinn Ro, Eliz Akgün et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2023

  • Predictive and dynamic development relationship between adolescents’ basic psychological need frustration and problematic internet use

    Open Access•Xin Liu, Yaoyao Zhang et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Reciprocal Associations Between Social Withdrawal Motivations and Peer Difficulties During Early Adolescence

    Open Access•Hope I White, Julie C Bowker et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2025

  • Peer relationships mediate the pathways from behavioral qualities to United States and Chinese children's loneliness

    Open Access•Keqin Zhang, Jingyi Duan et al.•Child Development•2024

  • Exploring how picture-book instruction integrated with multicultural education influences students' learning motivation and international cognitive competence

    Open Access•Yan Wu•Acta Psychologica•2026

  • Social withdrawal of adolescents and emerging adults

    Open Access•Michele Wang, Andreas Hadjar•Children and Youth Services Review•2026

  • Put your phone down! Perceived phubbing, life satisfaction, and psychological distress

    Open Access•Alexandra Maftei, Cornelia Măirean•BMC Psychology•2023

  • Moderating effect of classroom sociable norm on the relations between unsociability and internalizing problems in Chinese adolescents

    Open Access•Yihao Hu, Amanda Bullock et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • The Mediating Role of Loneliness and the Moderating Role of Gender between Peer Phubbing and Adolescent Mobile Social Media Addiction

    Open Access•Xiao-Pan Xu, Qing-Qi Liu et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Relations Between Unsociability, Theory of Mind, and Adjustment Among Kindergartners in China

    Jingjing Zhu, Shiyao Zou et al.•Early Education and Development•2025

  • Associations Between Peer Relationships and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Children

    Open Access•Jianning Jiang, Jianjing Jiang et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2025

  • Relations between social withdrawal subtypes and socio‐emotional adjustment among Chinese children and early adolescents

    Open Access•Xuechen Ding, Wen Zhang et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2023

  • Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Preference for Solitude Among Chinese Early Adolescents

    Open Access•Kejun Zheng, Robert J Coplan et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2022

  • When is Solitude Maladaptive for Adolescents? A Comprehensive Study of Sociability and Characteristics of Solitude

    Open Access•Meghan E Borg, Teena Willoughby•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2023

  • A Parallel Latent Growth Model of Affinity for Solitude and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Early Adolescents

    Open Access•Na Hu, Gangmin Xu et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2022

  • The Potential Roles of Social Ostracism and Loneliness in the Development of Dark Triad Traits in Adolescents

    Open Access•Junwei Pu, Xiong Gan•Journal of Personality•2026

  • Psychosocial predictors and outcomes of loneliness trajectories from childhood to early adolescence ☆

    Open Access•Katherine C Schinka, Manfred H M van Dulmen et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2013

  • Does it matter when we want to Be alone? Exploring developmental timing effects in the implications of unsociability

    Open Access•Robert J Coplan, Laura L Ooi et al.•New Ideas in Psychology•2019

  • Emotion Theory and Research

    Carroll E Izard•Annual Review of Psychology•2009

  • Peer Victimization, Poor Academic Achievement, and the Link Between Childhood Externalizing and Internalizing Problems

    Open Access•P A C van Lier, Frank Vitaro et al.•Child Development•2012

  • Shyness-Sensitivity and Social, School, and Psychological Adjustment in Rural Migrant and Urban Children in China

    Open Access•Xinyin Chen, Li Wang et al.•Child Development•2009

  • Classroom Peer Acceptance, Friendship, and Victimization

    Gary W Ladd, Becky J Kochenderfer et al.•Child Development•1997

  • Time With Peers From Middle Childhood to Late Adolescence

    Open Access•Chun Bun Lam, Susan M Mchale et al.•Child Development•2014

  • Peer‐related loneliness across early to late adolescence

    Open Access•Gary W Ladd, Idean Ettekal•Journal of Adolescence•2013

  • The clinical significance of loneliness

    Open Access•Liesl M Heinrich, Liesl Heinrich et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2006

  • Loneliness in Children

    Steven R Asher, Shelley Hymel et al.•Child Development•1984

  • Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance

    Gordon W Cheung, Roger B Rensvold•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•2002

  • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis

    Li‐tze Hu, Peter M Bentler•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•1999

  • A Test of Missing Completely at Random for Multivariate Data with Missing Values

    Roderick J A Little, Roderick J Little•Journal of the American…•1988

  • Beyond Social Withdrawal

    Open Access•Jens B Asendorpf•Human Development•2010

  • Loneliness and Peer Relations in Young Children

    Jude Cassidy, Steven R Asher•Child Development•1992

  • Self‐control, peer preference, and loneliness in Chinese children

    Open Access•Junsheng Liu, Bowen Xiao et al.•Social Development•2016

  • Unsociability and Shyness in C hinese Children

    Open Access•Junsheng Liu, Robert J Coplan et al.•Social Development•2013

  • A Person‐Oriented Analysis of Social Withdrawal in Chinese Children

    Open Access•Robert J Coplan, Junsheng Liu et al.•Social Development•2016

  • Loneliness and Peer Relations in Adolescence

    Open Access•Susan S Woodhouse, Matthew J Dykas et al.•Social Development•2011

  • Unsociability in Chinese adolescents

    Open Access•Linlin Zhang, Natalie D Eggum•Social Development•2018

  • The Relationship Between Psychological Understanding and Positive Social Behaviors

    Open Access•Kimberly Wright Cassidy, Rebecca Stetson Werner et al.•Social Development•2003

  • Evaluating Links Among Shyness, Peer Relations, and Internalizing Problems in Chinese Young Adolescents

    Open Access•Junsheng Liu, Julie C Bowker et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2018

  • Correlates of Shyness and Unsociability During Early Adolescence in Urban and Rural China

    Open Access•Linlin Zhang, Zhang Li et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2016

  • Assessment and Implications of Social Avoidance in Chinese Early Adolescents

    Open Access•Biao Sang, Xuechen Ding et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2016

  • Individual Differences in Preference for Solitude

    Open Access•Jerry M Burger•Journal of Research in Personality•1995

  • Peer experiences and social self-perceptions

    Michel Boivin, Shelley Hymel•Developmental Psychology•1997

  • Alone is a crowd

    Robert J Coplan, Linda Rose-Krasnor et al.•Developmental Psychology•2013

  • Do You "Want" to Play? Distinguishing Between Conflicted Shyness and Social Disinterest in Early Childhood

    Robert J Coplan, Kavita Prakash et al.•Developmental Psychology•2004

  • Loneliness and social skill deficits

    Warren H Jones, Steven A Hobb et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1982

  • Peer relations, loneliness, and self-perceptions in school-aged children

    Open Access•Olav Sletta, Harald Valås et al.•British Journal of Educational…•1996

  • Shyness and Unsociability and Their Relations With Adjustment in Chinese and Canadian Children

    Open Access•Junsheng Liu, Xinyin Chen et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2015

Unique citing works20
Citations per year5
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 20

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae