The negative impacts of starting middle school in sixth grade
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11680823 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Philip J Cook (0000-0001-5094-9052, Duke University, corresponding author), Robert J Maccoun (0000-0003-0929-4423, Duke University), Robert Maccoun, Clara G Muschkin (University of California, Berkeley), Clara Muschkin, Jacob L Vigdor (Duke University), Jacob Vigdor |
| Year | 2007 |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 104-121 |
| Publication date | 2007-12-04 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0276-8739 • E-ISSN: 1520-6688 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/pam.20309 |
| OpenAlex | W2000913071 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 22 |
| References cited | 26 |
Using administrative data on public school students in North Carolina, we find that sixth grade students attending middle schools are much more likely to be cited for discipline problems than those attending elementary school. That difference remains after adjusting for the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the students and their schools. Furthermore, the higher infraction rates recorded by sixth graders who are placed in middle school persist at least through ninth grade. An analysis of end‐of‐grade test scores provides complementary findings. A plausible explanation is that sixth graders are at an especially impressionable age; in middle school, the exposure to older peers and the relative freedom from supervision have deleterious consequences. These findings are relevant to the current debate over the best school configuration for incorporating the middle grades. Based on our results, we suggest that there is a strong argument for separating sixth graders from older adolescents. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Argument (complex analysis · Mathematics education · Ninth · Population · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Test (biology · Demography · Education Discipline and Inequality · Medicine · Psychology · School Choice and Performance · Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
Mapping Access and Opportunity for Students with Disabilities
Adolescent aggression
Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity
Transitioning to Middle School in the Sixth Grade
A National Sample of Eighth-Grade Students
Conceptualizing Academic Norms in Middle School
Sociodemographic Moderators of Middle School Transition Effects on Academic Achievement
The Timing of School Transitions and Early Adolescent Problem Behavior
Middle school transition and body weight outcomes
Questioning the impacts of legislative change on the use of exclusionary discipline in the context of broader system reforms
Eighth-Grade School Form and Resilience in the Transition to High School
Contextualizing the “Student Body”
Late but Right on Time? School Start Times and Middle Grade Students’ Engagement and Achievement Outcomes in North Carolina
School Crime Control and Prevention
Closing schools in a shrinking district
How does grade configuration impact student achievement in elementary and middle school grades
Navigating Middle Grades
Are Middle Schools Harmful? The Role of Transition Timing, Classroom Quality and School Characteristics
Do Top Dogs Rule in Middle School? Evidence on Bullying, Safety, and Belonging
Which Middle School Model Works Best? Evidence From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
The Enduring Impact of Race
Sibling Spillovers
Teacher-Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness
Negotiating the Transition to Middle School
Negative Effects of Traditional Middle Schools on Students' Motivation
Disruption versus Tiebout improvement
Achievement Loss Associated With the Transition to Middle School and High School
Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies
Identification of Endogenous Social Effects
Crime and Deviance in the Life Course
Assessing the Transitions to Middle and High School
Stability and Change in Peer Relationships During the Transition to Middle-Level School
Reexamining Middle School Effects
Academic Performance and Delinquency
New Inroads in Preventing Adolescent Drug Use
A Brief History of Education
Age‐varying Effects of Family, School, and Peers on Delinquency
Dropping out of Middle School
Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Educational Attainment
Moving into Adolescence
Effects of Neighborhood and School Environments on Transitions to First Sexual Intercourse
Crime and Demography
| Unique citing works | 22 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,38 |
| Citation span | 2010 - 2023 (14) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 22 |