The world bank & urban programmes in Zimbabwe
A critical appraisal
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11905052 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Edward Ramsamy (African Studies Centre, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue | 109 |
| Publication date | 2006-09-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Review of African Political Economy (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0305-6244 • E-ISSN: 1740-1720 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/03056240601000994 |
| OpenAlex | W2089642614 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 8 |
The World Bank did not address urban issues for the first twenty-five years of its existence. However, a variety of political factors propelled the reluctant institution to address urban poverty in the early 1970s (Ayres, 1983; Ramsamy, 2006). The majority of the Bank's urban interventions during the 1970s concentrated on squatter upgrading and sites-and-services projects. While these programmes did have their problems, they represent the Bank's first attempt to address directly the needs of the urban poor, and offer them a framework to legitimise their rights to shelter and secure land tenure. By the mid-1980s, however, the Bank moved away from this approach and embraced a perspective that examined cities in their national macro-economic contexts. The Bank argued that the role of governments ought to be transformed from that of ‘providers’ of urban services, to that of ‘supporters’ or ‘enablers’ that serve as a liaison between the private sector and self-help groups (World Bank, 1991, 1993)
Business · Economic growth · Economics · Institution · Political science · Politics · Poverty · Social science · Sociology · Urban planning · Variety (cybernetics · African studies and sociopolitical issues · Microfinance and Financial Inclusion · Public Administration · Urban and Rural Development Challenges
| Highly cited | No |
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